马克思分工理论引出的流通命题及其思考

马克思分工理论认为社会分工和企业内分工协同演进,社会化大生产产生了分工协调问题,而流通具有协调社会分工的重要功能。因此,流通效率的提高可以形成一个发达的现代流通体系,成为实现市场经济秩序和财富增长有机统一的载体。流通经济学的研究应以流通效率的提高为核心,寻求构筑现代流通体系的制度基础、技术基础、法律基础和道德基础,联系生产组织和消费行为的结构性变化分析流通组织的演变机理,探索社会分工协调的自循环实现机制。并且,流通经济学的研究应结合中国转型和开放的双重背景,借鉴国际贸易理论的最新进展,探讨实践中出现的问题并提出相应的理论观点、分析结论和政策建议。     

对外开放与中国制造业区域集聚:机理分析与实证检验

本文在总揽国内外现有研究文献的基础上,对对外开放与制造业区域集聚的命题进行了系统梳理,鉴别出了对外开放促进制造业区域集聚的三个机制,分别为制度转型机制、技术溢出机制和基础设施机制,由此构建了一个机理系统。利用中国现实数据对上述机制进行的经验检验表明,对外开放主要通过制度转型机制和基础设施机制来对中国制造业区域集聚发生作用,技术溢出机制尚未显现。在此基础上的实验模拟显示,不同作用机制下,对外开放对不同地区制造业集聚的作用存在明显差异,而且这种差异随着对外开放度的提高呈现出发散态势。     

Effective factor endowments, trade openness and income distribution in China

This paper studies the empirical relationship among factor endowment, trade openness and individual income distribution. Using panel data, we show that factor endowment characters, to some extent, explains income gap in China. First, land and Capital intensive provinces have a more equal income distribution while human capital and labor-intensive provinces have a less equal income distribution. Second, Trade openness has a significant effect on China’s income distribution; the interaction between a special endowment and openness has different effect on income distribution; we also show that FDI, economy development, unemployment and reform have considerable negative effect on income distribution. Our results are robust to various kinds of test.     

辽宁省对外开放度的测算与比较研究

对外开放度是衡量一个地区经济活跃程度的重要指标,也是一个地区经济发展水平的重要表征。本文利用相关数据,测算了辽宁省的贸易开放度、资本开放度、生产开放度和经济开放度指标。并通过与广东、上海、北京等发达省市及全国平均开放度水平的比较,分析了造成辽宁省对外开放度相对较低的主要原因,提出了相应的对策和建议。     

The long-run determinants of inequality: What can we learn from top income data?

This paper studies determinants of income inequality using a newly assembled panel of 16 countries over the entire twentieth century. We focus on three groups of income earners: the rich (P99–100), the upper middle class (P90–99), and the rest of the population (P0–90). The results show that periods of high economic growth disproportionately increases the top percentile income share at the expense of the rest of the top decile. Financial development is also pro-rich and the outbreak of banking crises is associated with reduced income shares of the rich. Trade openness has no clear distributional impact (if anything openness reduces top shares). Government spending, however, is negative for the upper middle class and positive for the nine lowest deciles but does not seem to affect the rich. Finally, tax progressivity reduces top income shares and when accounting for real dynamic effects the impact can be important over time.     

Sudden stops, banking crises and investment collapses in emerging markets

We evaluate whether financial openness leaves emerging market economies vulnerable to the adverse effects of capital reversals (“sudden stops”) on domestic investment. We investigate this claim in a broad sample of emerging markets during the period 1976–2002. If the banking sector does not experience a systemic crisis, sudden stop events fail to have a significant impact on investment. Bank crises, on the other hand, have a significant negative effect on investment even in the absence of a contemporaneous sudden stop crisis. We also find that openness to capital flows worsens the adverse impact of banking crises on investment. Our results provide statistical support for the policy view that a strong banking sector which can withstand the negative fallout of capital flight is essential for countries that open their economies to international financial flows.     

中国经济增长的源泉:1978—2007年

中国经济增长过于依赖资本投入。从长期来看,中国经济需要完成向集约型经济的转型。在2000年以后突出表现出来的出口导向增长模式很可能在未来难以为继。人力资本、科技进步和制度改革应该是未来中国经济保持健康持续增长所需要依赖的主要动力。     

开放三十年政府支出对二元经济的转化效果

基于中国1978-2008年时间序列数据,采用时变参数模型对我国政府支出对二元经济结构转化效果进行分析,结果表明：改革开放30年来,我国政府支出对城乡二元经济结构转化的影响曲线呈U形;政府分类支出方面,不同时期,政府分类支出对二元经济结构转化效果的影响不同。近年来,政府行政性支出和民生性支出对二元经济结构转化具有一定正向影响,但影响效果在不断下降;而基本建设支出对二元经济转化产生了负向影响。要通过制度创新调整政府支出结构,以促进二元经济结构向好的方向转化。     

贸易开放影响我国行业间工资差距的机制探讨——以制造业为例

制造业对外贸易对我国制造业的发展起着举足轻重的作用,同时也间接影响着制造业各行业的工资差距。贸易开放通过部门间劳动力市场分割效应、外贸结构的变迁效应、名义关税下降效应、发达国家的＂外购＂效应、技术偏向的技术进步效应、劳动生产率效应六个方面的传导机制间接影响中国制造业行业间工资差距。加大教育投入、发挥贸易对低收入行业劳动生产率提高的传递效应、打破行业劳动市场的分割、给予加工贸易相应的政策扶持、采用政府再分配手段等措施有助于缩小行业间工资差距。     

我国服务贸易适度开放问题之研究——基于承诺开放度的分析

本文利用承诺开放度分析了我国服务贸易的适度开放问题。鉴于已有的计算承诺开放度的方法存在一些不足之处,本文通过引入二级行业权重值和分贸易模式对具体承诺条款赋值的方法进行改进,计算了我国服务贸易各行业的承诺开放度。在此基础上,通过对各行业承诺开放度、实际开放度和国际竞争力的比较,发现存在过度开放和开放不足的服务行业,并分析了这些行业开放程度不合适的原因。