Does the NDC scheme mimic the French point system?

After the implementation of the notional defined contribution (NDC) pension scheme in Italy and Sweden in the ‘90s, some authors argued that its design merely replicates the functioning of the points-based pension schemes already in place in France and Germany. The aim of this article is to assess the soundness of this proposition by comparing the properties of the French points-based pension system (FPS) with those of the NDC scheme, which refrains from intra-cohort redistributions by ensuring substantial uniformity of individual rates of return. In order to assess to what extent the FPS also avoids intra-cohort redistributions, we run several simulations for different career patterns. The results of the simulations show that the discretionary adjustments embedded in the FPS are responsible for random, regressive redistributions. Finally, the article identifies the theoretical ‘equivalence condition’ showing that full correspondence between the two schemes would require replacing the discretionary mechanisms of the FPS with an automatic adjustment of point values.     

2002-2010年中国农村 剩余劳动结构的估算

本文研究我国农村剩余劳动的长期结构性变化。研究结果表明,2002-2010年间,农业剩余劳动数量急剧下降超过90%,农村公开失业数量上升70%,成为剩余劳动的主要形式。在农村剩余劳动中,年龄在40岁以上的劳动者、受教育程度在小学及以下水平的劳动者和女性劳动者比例呈明显的上升趋势,2010年所占比例分别达到723%,4811%和5699%,这些变化可以解释剩余劳动与工资上涨、民工短缺并存的“悖论”,剩余劳动的结构性变化表明刘易斯拐点已经到来。     

Reference Point Theory and Pursuit of Deals

Target and bidder reference points have separate and joint effects on merger deals. A firm whose stock price is more distant from its 52‐week high reference point is less likely to attract bids but has a greater likelihood of being acquired by its own managers (vs unaffiliated bidders). Firm propensity to submit a bid increases if its prevailing stock price is closer to its 52‐week high. When both parties’ reference points are close to their current stock prices, they are more willing to complete a deal. Hostile deals result when the bidder's stock price is closer to its reference point.     

用科学发展观指导农业资源与环境保护工作

该文从3个方面阐述了要用科学发展观深化对农业资源与环境保护重要性的认识,提出要在发展中保护、在保护中利用、以科学的方法使保护与利用进入良性循环,从制定保护规划、建立健全管理机制、多渠道投入、大力推进科技进步等6个方面提出实施对农业资源与环境保护工作的对策.     

畜禽养殖废弃物市场化困境及破解对策*——基于四川邛崃的实践

[目的]畜禽养殖废弃物已成为我国农村环境的首要污染源,但其本身是一项较好的农业资源,环境污染与资源浪费并存,政府和学者们皆提出"市场运作"思想,而当前畜禽养殖废弃物市场化利用水平低、市场化进程慢。通过选取我国畜禽养殖废弃物市场化作为研究对象,探究畜禽养殖废弃物市场化困境,结合四川邛崃的成功实践,提出推进畜禽养殖废弃物市场化的政策建议,实现资源化利用,减少农业面源污染。[方法]文章主要采用规范与实证相结合的方法,以市场经济学理论内容为研究框架,剖析当前畜禽养殖废弃物市场化困境,结合四川邛崃的实证分析提供经验借鉴,并提出政策建议。[结果]畜禽养殖废弃物市场运作面临较大困境:市场主体缺位;相关产品的市场价值低、供求脱节、价格扭曲、市场制度匮乏等,严重制约畜禽养殖废弃物的市场化利用。[结论]面对环境污染与资源浪费的矛盾,畜禽养殖废弃物的市场化是行之有效的途径,但目前其市场化还处于萌芽、摸索阶段,应加强政府引导,科学界定相关环境产权,明确责权利;培育多元化市场参与主体,建立与完善畜禽养殖废弃物市场体系;积极探索多种市场运作模式等,实现畜禽废弃物资源化利用,加快推进面源污染的防治。     

Labeling Context and Reference Point Effects in Models of Food Attribute Demand

There is considerable interest in the effect of labels on food product demand. Labeling statements may convey new information about attributes and place consumers in different choice contexts; consumers' assessment of information in labels may be affected by reference points. We examine labeling context relating to genetically modified (GM) food as a factor in the stochastic component of a random utility model and assess reference points over a set of observable characteristics of consumers. We find that labeling context effects are present, although relatively small, while reference dependence is a very important factor that varies over observable characteristics of the sampled consumers.     

Spatial–temporal changes in grain input–output and the driving mechanism in China since 1985

Based on Chinese county-level statistic data, this paper reveals spatial–temporal distribution and changing of grain production, by studying gravity centres of grain input–output regions in China from 1985 to 2009. According to the grain output, per-capita grain consumption, and population, the surplus grain of 2864 counties from 1985 to 2009 was calculated. And the counties with surplus grain value greater than zero and smaller than zero were respectively defined as grain input regions and grain output regions; they were respectively analysed by using the model of grain gravity centre. We found that there are four periods of spatial–temporal changing of gravity centres in grain input regions, and five periods in all output regions. According to the moving path of the gravity centres of input–output regions, 1990 was the turning point of completely entering into ‘grain supply from north to south period’. Spatial–temporal changing of grain-sown area and the arable land was the main driving mechanism for the shift in grain input–output gravity centres. The change of spatial pattern of grain production influenced sustainability of grain production from three impacts. And two policy suggestions are put forward to promote the sustainability of grain production.

HIGHLIGHTS

Use the method of gravity centres to research the spatial–temporal changing of surplus grain from 1985 to 2009 in China.

Analyse the spatial–temporal changing and the driving mechanism of gravity centres of grain input–output from 1985 to 2009 in China.

1990 was identified as the turning point of completely entering into ‘grain supply from north to south period’.

Summarize the impact of the changes of spatial pattern of grain production on the sustainability of grain production and put forward two proposals.     

北部湾开发与广西现代物流发展重点分析

本文从三个不同的角度,分别分析了广西物流行业在面对发展机遇通过政府推动与资源整合、打造大型物流企业集团与物流基础设施建设以及工业园区与物流园区建设并举等途径,全力提升广西物流企业的核心竞争力,更好地为广西区域经济服务。     

HACCP体系在果冻生产管理中的应用

探索了HACCP体系在果冻生产管理中的应用,并进行危害分析,确定了关键控制点,制定关键控制点的纠偏与监控措施。     

GER系统的性质及线性反馈控制

政府调控下的能源供需系统(GER系统)描述了能源供需和政府调控之间的非线性性、时间滞后性和复杂的耦合关系,本文对GER系统平衡点的稳定性、系统的耗散性等性质就行了分析;利用线性反馈控制方法将GER系统的混沌态控制到原先不稳定的平衡点,给出了数值模拟结果。