利他行为的经济学解释

利他行为可以分为亲缘利他、互惠利他与纯粹利他三种形式。对前两种利他行为,生物学已经给出了较为圆满的解释,而且,这种解释也是符合经济学原理的。关于纯粹利他,生物学存在着很大争论,至今没有圆满的解释。本文在“合作剩余”和“生物演化稳定策略”(ESS)的基础上,提出一个能够解释地粹利他行为的模型．并利用脑科学的最新研究成果对这一行为内在的激励机制作出了说明。     

某型DFTI总线记录器故障分析及改进

针对某型数字飞控总线接口（DFTI）记录器发生的断记故障,通过分析定位故障原因,优化了DFTI总线记录器设计,改进同步判断方式,对DFTI解码模块同步头的判断方式由原来的双任务独立判断改为单任务互斥判断;增加对于帧长度出错、帧头识别失败和总线数据通信容错机制,在写入的空闲期确保写使能关闭,保证写使能处于受控状态。试验结果验证了改进方法的有效性和可靠性。     

加快地勘单位市场主体地位确立的几点思考

地勘单位要实现企业化经营目标必须成为真正意义上的市场主体。影响地勘单位真正成为市场主体的主要问题:一是地勘单位不具备典型企业的基本特征,二是机制不活使地勘单位缺乏成为市场主体的内在动力,三是缺乏使地勘单位成为市场主体的平等的经济关系和竞争环境。地勘单位要成为市场主体,建立以公司制为主的现代企业制度是必要条件,适应市场环境搞好战略重组是基本保证;同时,必须从优化资本结构入手切实解决资金不足问题,实现投资主体多元化;政府管理部门创造公平的市场竞争环境更是非常重要的。     

Rural electrification in Cambodia: does it improve the welfare of households?

This study uses subsamples of socio-economic surveys from 2004 and 2011 to construct village panel data and apply the difference-in-differences (DID) method to examine the impact of rural electrification on household consumption and children’s education in Cambodia at the village level. Conditional on the DID assumption and observed village and household characteristics, rural electrification increased household consumption by approximately 16.6%. This study also finds that higher-quintile households benefited more. Additionally, rural electrification increased boys’ years of schooling completed by 0.85 and girls’ years of schooling completed by 0.62. It also increased the probability of having ever been enrolled in primary school for boys by approximately 9.7% but did not increase the probability of having ever been enrolled for girls.     

Does Tourism Improve the Community’s Well-Being in Marine-Protected Areas?

International Advances in Economic Research -     

企业避税的战略效应——基于避税对企业产品市场绩效的影响研究

自企业避税被纳入公司治理框架以来,已有文献对于企业避税的认识存在明显差异,本文试图从避税对企业产品市场绩效的影响视角,研究避税在企业中的角色。基于我国A股上市公司样本,我们发现,与竞争者相比,企业的所得税避税程度每提高1个标准差,其未来的行业市场份额将增长1.9%。这一结论表明,避税会帮助企业建立竞争优势,从而意味着企业的避税行为具有战略效应。此外,避税的战略效应在融资约束严重的企业更为显著,但避税的战略效应并不受信息透明度、代理冲突与产权性质的影响。最后,避税对产品市场绩效的影响具有一定的持续性。本文从理论与实证上厘清了现有文献的冲突,也有一定的政策性启示。     

The Value of Crowdfunding: An Explanation Based on Demand Uncertainty and Comparison with Venture Capital

This article notes that an advantage of crowdfunding is in its ability to help start-up firms acquire more accurate market demand information regarding new products when compared with venture capital (VC). The whole market of a given product can be conceptualized as being segmented into several, small local markets. VC has a comprehensive knowledge of local markets in general but is prone to noisy aggregate demand information as a result. While crowdfunding investors have intimate knowledge regarding local demand information in their respective locales, they lack knowledge in other local markets. We show that under certain conditions, crowdfunding can provide more accurate demand information and therefore can generate better incentives to entrepreneurs while improving product quality and helping entrepreneurs make correct decisions on whether or not to launch a new product. Therefore, the wisdom of the crowd can be more valuable than the wisdom of the expert.     

Net equity issuance effect in the UK

Net equity issuance (NEI) by firms has predictive power for US stock returns. This paper examines the NEI anomaly for UK stocks, using regression on firm characteristics and sorted portfolios with several factor models. The anomaly generalises to the UK only in part. We confirm the existence of a large NEI effect for small and midsize stocks, but not for large stocks. The repurchase effect, of positive abnormal returns following repurchases, is absent in the UK. We also find that the NEI effect in smaller stocks is not exploitable by investors, allowing for transaction costs.     

基于AHP的历史文化街区体验经济实践效果评价——以福州市三坊七巷为例

随着我国经济的发展,历史文化街区的价值受到社会普遍重视,在体验经济的时代,对其进行合理的旅游开发,已成为传统街区保护界的共识.我国历史街区体验经济实践目前处于起步阶段,根据体验经济理论,应用层次分析法构建历史文化街区体验经济实践效果的评价指标模型,并以福州市三坊七巷作为典型案例,客观评价其旅游体验活动的开展效果,发现其存在的问题,从而为全国同类历史街区的复兴和发展提供有益的经验及启示.