Do hotel REIT companies face investment constraints? A comparison with C-corporation hotel companies

This study investigates whether corporate investment by REIT hotel companies (hotel REITs hereafter) is more constrained than investment by C-corporation hotel companies (hotel C-corps hereafter). The investments of hotel REITs and hotel C-corps are examined by comparing the sensitivities of investment to cash flow and investment opportunities between the two groups. Results show that the sensitivity of investment to cash flow is positive and significantly higher for hotel REITs than for hotel C-corps, suggesting that hotel REITs are likely to experience more constraints on their corporate investment. This finding suggests that hotel firms and owners should be more cautious about electing to be a REIT if they are planning large investments in the future. In addition, this finding has policy implications; even a small reduction in the rate of mandatory dividend payouts could significantly increase hotel REITs’ corporate investments.     

商业银行建立防范操作风险长效机制的思考

操作风险是商业银行需要着力防范的重要风险,也是最难化解和规避的风险,本文作者结合多年的业务工作实践,对商业银行具体的业务领域进行了深入的研究,从操作风险的类型、产生的原因入手,对操作风险进行了分析,提出了防范和控制操作风险的应对措施,具有很强的指导意义和应用价值。     

Optimal mixed taxation,credit constraints,and the timing of income tax reporting

We study optimal income and commodity tax policy with credit‐constrained low‐income households. Workers receive an even flow of income during the tax year, but report their incomes and make tax payments (receive transfers) at the end of the year. They spend their disposable income on multiple commodities over the year. We show that differentiated subsidies on commodities can be optimal even if the Atkinson–Stiglitz Theorem conditions apply. When the optimal policy leaves low‐income households with binding credit constraints, it may be optimal to subsidize differentially the good that they consume in higher proportion. Uniform subsidies would also relax the credit constraint, but would be more costly to the government since they would equally benefit unconstrained households. Numerical examples suggest that commodity tax differentiation increases with basic needs and with the interest rate at which government borrows.     

资本约束背景下定向降准对企业信贷的定向引导效果

2017年,央行将普惠金融和定向降准相结合,定向降准能否精准引流决定着政策的成败。基于上市公司2011年至2019年的面板数据,采用双重差分法检验定向降准是否能够实现其政策目标,定向向三农和小微企业引导信贷资源,并用三重差分法引入资本约束这一调节变量,检验资本约束的增强是否对定向降准的实施效果有影响。结果表明:定向降准能够达到政策目标,增加三农和小微企业可获得的信贷资源,此外资本约束对定向降准的实施效果无显著影响。     

环境执法监督对企业绿色创新的影响

以环保约谈制度实施为契机,基于合法性理论和遵从理论,考察环境执法监督对企业绿色创新的影响及其机制。研究发现：环境执法监督会有效地促进企业绿色创新,即环保约谈显著地提高了被约谈地区企业的绿色创新水平。拓展性检验与分析后发现,环境执法监督对企业绿色创新的促进作用主要表现在低融资约束企业和低代理成本企业中。影响机制探索后发现,环境执法监督通过提高企业环境成本、环境处罚力度和企业环保投资,进而促进企业绿色创新。     

深化增值税改革的市场反应及影响因素

运用事件研究法和多元回归法考察 “深化增值税改革”（2018年3月28日国务院常务会议）的市场反应及其影响因素。结果表明：尽管中美“贸易战”对股市产生了较大的负面影响,但投资者仍将“深化增值税改革”视为利好消息,且试点行业的市场反应都显著为正。从市场反应影响因素来看,研发支出越多、融资约束越强的公司市场反应更好。此外,进一步细分公司特征发现,高税收敏感度和高产品市场竞争程度的公司市场反应更加积极,存在超额雇佣且研发支出较高以及不存在超额雇佣但融资约束较高的公司市场反应也更加积极。     

Industry‐specific Exchange Rate Fluctuations,Japanese Exports and Financial Constraints: Evidence from Panel Vector Autoregressive Analysis

Using a panel vector autoregression approach and industry breakdown data for financial constraints obtained from the Bank of Japan's Tankan (Short‐Term Economic Survey of Enterprises in Japan) database, this study empirically investigates whether and how Japanese firms' financial constraints (internal and external) influence the response of Japanese sectoral exports to an exchange rate shock. Furthermore, we use the industry‐specific real effective exchange rate data developed by to allow for different movements of real effective exchange rates across industries. It is found that financial constraints have a significant influence on Japanese exports in response to exchange rate shocks. Japanese exporters with either lower internal financial constraints or external financial constraints are less affected by the yen's appreciation. In addition, if firms face high external financial constraints, only reducing the internal financial constraints cannot help them mitigate the impact of the yen's appreciation on their exports. Thus, an accommodative financial environment also plays an important role in alleviating the impact that the yen's appreciation has on Japanese exports.     

银行业市场竞争对企业技术创新的影响研究

银行贷款是企业创新的重要融资来源,银行业市场的变化影响着企业技术创新的融资环境.基于2008-2014年沪深A股上市公司的实证检验发现:银行市场竞争性的提高有利于缓解企业的融资约束,促进企业技术创新.企业规模对中小企业的技术创新有正向的影响,对大型企业存在负的效应.银行业市场竞争对企业技术创新的影响也因企业规模不同而不同,中小企业受到的融资约束明显,银行业竞争度的提高更有利于促进中小企业的技术创新.     

融资约束对企业出口影响的Heckman验证-基于银行信用风险的视角

基于中国工业企业数据库1998-2014年7032家企业的平衡面板数据,从银行信用风险内部评级的视角,研究融资约束对企业出口的影响.结果表明:银行信贷融资约束与企业的出口决策及出口强度间有显著负相关关系.同时,使用Heckman二阶段模型研究发现:不同形式的商业信用对企业出口决策及出口强度的影响和作用机制会因企业所处供求端位置的不同而存在差异.其中,需求端的商业信用仅与企业出口决策显著正相关,而与出口强度的相关性并不显著;供给端的商业信用则与企业出口强度显著负相关.