皖东地区旱涝预测与分析研究

统计了皖东地区500年间旱涝次数,发现该地区具有较强的旱涝灾害连发性,集中性和近20或30年一遇规律性,后半世纪较前半世纪多发旱涝灾害,以及定量计算和推测每个年代的具体年份旱涝发生的可能性,认为防灾减灾工作应加强旱涝年代人际研究。     

山西"丁戊奇荒"的时限和地域

文章主要利用地方志等史料对山西“丁戊奇荒”①的时限和地域进行界定，从时间和范围方面来说明山西省区受灾的严重程度。     

湄公河流域洪旱灾害损失分析

受海洋气候及气候变化的影响,湄公河流域洪旱灾害频发。澜湄合作及中国-东盟合作机制是我国发展周边外交的重要内容。搜集整理近几十年来湄公河流域洪旱灾害事件资料,分析了流域洪旱灾害损失情况、成因及影响因素,结果表明:洪旱灾害是湄公河流域的主要灾害形式,流域4国洪水发生次数占总自然灾害次数的50%左右;洪旱灾害对流域各国的人口、交通、农业、经济等方面的影响均比较显著;气候变化是引起湄公河流域洪旱灾害的主要原因。     

大兴安岭旱作丘陵区县域农业发展模式探究——以内蒙古自治区阿荣旗为例

该文以内蒙古自治区阿荣旗为研究对象,应用生态农业理论与工业发展理念相结合,对研究区农业发展历程、现状及存在的问题进行剖析,并提出了研究区未来农业发展的模式是充分利用现有丰富的农牧业资源,推进农业综合开发,通过山上建绿色银行,川地建优质粮仓,草地秸秆养牛羊,培育壮大乳、肉、豆、薯、玉米五大主导产业,做优做强制种、白瓜籽、柞蚕、林果、大鹅五大特色产业,全力实施富民兴旗工程建设,转变农业生产经营方式,推进农牧业产业化经营,构建农业持续发展和农民持续增收的长效机制。     

The economics of drought: A review of impacts and costs

Although a growing body of literature studies drought impacts, papers providing a comprehensive review of drought's social and economic impacts are scarce. This paper fills this gap by exploring the consequences of drought on societies based on research findings in Australia—a large country used to experiencing severe droughts. To do this, we propose a framework to categorise drought impacts in three dimensions: individuals/households (including health), productive sectors and system (including economic and ecosystem) impacts. The framework then guides a systematic literature review and discussion of studies looking at diverse drought impacts and their related costs. By analysing and discussing the findings from this literature, we emphasise different policy considerations, empirical challenges and research needs to support robust analysis and estimates of the true cost of droughts. We conclude by proposing an expanded framework to identify drought impacts and a discussion of the implications of the review for policy development.     

Drought and social conflict in rural Zimbabwe: Does the burden fall on women and girls?

Climate change–induced extreme weather events such as drought have occurred with increasing frequency and intensity in Zimbabwe over the past 30 years bringing about pressure on communally owned water resources. Using the Zimbabwe Vulnerability Assessment Committee 2020 survey of rural households in Zimbabwe, this study assesses the impact of drought shock on the occurrence of water point violence. The impact of self-reported drought shock on the likelihood of occurrence of social conflict in the form of water point violence is subject to confounding due to selection bias. Using the doubly robust inverse probability weighted regression adjustment to account for confounding, we investigate gender dimensions of the impact of drought on inducing water point violence in rural Zimbabwe. The study offers three major findings. First, drought shock is associated with increased household propensity to experience water point violence. Second, the severity of the drought shock impact increases the probability of the household experiencing water point violence. Third, drought shock–induced water point violence is only statistically valid for households where the water-fetcher is a woman or girl. The results suggest that the impact of drought shocks on water point violence is gendered and disadvantages women and girls more than men and boys.