Insurance market mechanisms and government interventions

The expansion of the State-as-insurer has played a major role in the long-term growth of the public sector, but we are probably reaching the turning point. Because of its manifold failures, the State-as-insurer is facing crisis all around the world, with exploding expenditures. This will probably induce a shift in the private–public frontier, which makes it much more important than in the past to regulate the insurance industry efficiently. Coming back to the failures of the State-as-insurer, we should underline the role played by this flawed hypothesis that sets market logic and private interest against public interest.     

Real Wage and Nominal Shock: Evidence from Pacific-Rim Countries

This paper examines aggregate real-wage responses to nominal shocks in four Pacific-rim countries utilizing a vector autoregression (VAR) framework. In this study, positive real-wage responses are found in Japan and New Zealand whereas negative responses are found in Australia and Korea. In the transmission of nominal shocks to real economic activities, the findings show a sticky-price model to be more important in Japan and New Zealand, while a sticky-wage model plays the more dominant role in Australia and Korea.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 54th International Atlantic Economic Conference in Washington, D.C., October 10–13, 2002. The author would like to thank the conference participants and an anonymous referee for their valuable comments and suggestions. All remaining errors are attributed to the author.     

The Economics of School Quality

Abstract. Recent national concerns about student performance on PISA tests and similar assessments appear warranted because of the direct relationship between student cognitive skills and both individual earnings and national growth. The evidence on the impacts of school quality indicates very large economic effects. Available research shows, however, that improving school quality is difficult and not closely related to spending levels. One approach supported by research is improving teacher quality, which can yield sizable gains in student performance. Instituting appropriate policies to alter the teacher force will necessarily take significant time.     

Policy commitment and the welfare gains from capital market liberalization

This paper evaluates the quantitative impact of capital liberalization on the taxation structure and welfare of the liberalizing countries when governments conduct fiscal policy optimally but without commitment (time-consistent policies). The transition from a regime of capital autarky to a regime of free mobility leads to a decrease in the long-term tax rate on capital of 13 percent and an increase in the tax rate on labor of 2 percent. As a consequence of this taxation shift, welfare increases by about 1 percent. The reduction in capital taxation induced by capital market liberalization is welfare improving because, in the absence of capital mobility, the time-consistent policies over-tax capital.     

External factors in emerging market recoveries: An empirical investigation

We estimate conditional duration models to analyse recovery processes in emerging market economies. Our reduced form specification is parsimonious, as we focus on exogenous factors, such as the effect of growth in the US, EU, and Japan on the prospects for recovery in emerging market economies experiencing recessions. The model confirms the importance of external factors in recovery processes. However, the short-run effect of Japanese growth on recovery prospects is unconventional: weak economic conditions in Japan turn out to facilitate recoveries.     

多业务数字通信的视频传输

针对多业务数字混合扩频通信系统中存在视频、音频和辅助数据等多种数据流的特点 ,在简单介绍复用 /解复用器设计的基础上 ,详细阐述一种有效的视频数据传输的方法 ,并给出其基于DSP的实现方案     

VDL4:一种新型航空VHF数据链

甚高频(VHF)数据链在当今航空通信中具有十分重要的作用。目前航空数据链各异,并各具优势。文中主要论述VDL4,首先介绍了其基本设备结构,说明了协议的层次模型,然后分析了VDL4的时隙选择、网络接入、信道管理等关键技术,最后将它和其余VDL模式数据链进行了比较,从而说明VDL4是一种能满足新航行系统需求、极具竞争力的航空数据链。     

Energy substitutability in transition agriculture: estimates and implications for Hungary

Subsidised energy prices in pre‐transition Hungary had led to excessive energy intensity in the agricultural sector. Transition has resulted in steep input price increases. In this study, Allen and Morishima elasticities of substitution are estimated to study the effects of these price changes on energy use, chemical input use, capital formation and employment. Panel data methods, Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) and instrument exogeneity tests are used to specify and estimate technology and substitution elasticities. Results indicate that indirect price policy may be effective in controlling energy consumption. The sustained increases in energy and chemical input prices have worked together to restrict energy and chemical input use, and the substitutability between energy, capital and labour has prevented the capital shrinkage and agricultural unemployment situations from being worse. The Hungarian push towards lower energy intensity may be best pursued through sustained energy price increases rather than capital subsidies.     

浅析“五四”运动时期的中国妇女解放运动——纪念五四运动90周年

随着五四运动的到来,妇女解放运动进入了新的历史时期,新的指导思想的确定,广大妇女的积极参与及国际社会的影响,促得五四时期在中国妇女解放运动史上的重要价值和转折意义。从此,中国妇女解放运动与中国无产阶级革命运动紧密结合起来,中国妇女成为一支重要的政治力量登上了历史舞台。     

基于4Cs我国第三方物流企业营销策略研究

随着生产力的发展和科技水平的提高，第三方物流企业行业的属性决定了其营销策略的制定将成为竞争中制胜前提。因此要突破传统的4Ps理论，从企业自身出发，基于消费者利益，探索4Cs理论在企业服务营销实践过程中的应用，以期使企业获取持久竞争优势。