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991.
This paper deals with comparisons of low-discrepancy sequences in terms of actual performance through numerical computation
for option pricing. For that purpose, we construct a variety of randomized low-discrepancy sequences based on classical low-discrepancy
sequences. A randomization structure by coordinate-wise and digit-wise permutations proves to give excellent results regardless
of the classical low-discrepancy sequences.
This paper represents only the author’s personal opinion, and has absolutely nothing to do with his affiliation. 相似文献
992.
The GARCH model is modified to capture the effect on volatilities of the consecutive number of positive or negative shocks. The new model is tested against the Shanghai Shcomp and Nikkei225 indices and found particularly useful in analyzing the Shcomp index. Similarly, the EGARCH model is extended along the same line as the GARCH model and is applied to the same sets of data. Stationarity of the new GARCH (1, 1) model is proved, and also derived is the asymptotic distribution of the quasi-maximum likelihood estimator. 相似文献
993.
Sascha?WilkensEmail author Jens?Wimschulte 《Financial Markets and Portfolio Management》2005,19(1):61-98
This paper investigates whether the announcement and/or the implementation of the major changes in March 2003 to the German stock index landscape led to significant price and volume effects. We examine five stock subgroups that were either removed from their former indices or that were added to existing or newly constructed indices. Around the announcement date, stocks in these groups are subject to (cumulative) positive average abnormal marketadjusted returns, whereas the average trading volume tends to decrease. Around the actual change date, (cumulative) abnormal returns are mainly positive, while findings on abnormal transaction volumes are fairly heterogeneous. Our empirical results are not supported by any of the prevailing theoretical explanations of market reactions to index changes, but, as an important result, all findings depend crucially on the chosen benchmark model.The authors are grateful to two anonymous referees for insightful comments and suggestions and for helpful discussions with Stephan Schmidt-Tank. They would like to thank Fabian Zettler for his assistance in collecting the data. 相似文献
994.
André?van?StelEmail author 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2005,1(1):105-123
This paper presents a harmonized data set over the period 1972–2002, containing two-yearly data on the number of non-agricultural business owners and the size of the labour force for 23 OECD countries, as well as the quotient of these two variables which is called the business ownership rate of a country. The data set is called COMPENDIA, which means COMParative ENtrepreneurship Data for International Analysis. It has been constructed by EIM Business and Policy Research, using OECD statistics as well as other relevant sources. We make an attempt to make business ownership rates comparable across countries and over time. 相似文献
995.
David?A.?KirbyEmail author Stefan?Kaiser 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2005,1(1):83-104
Joint Ventures (JVs) have become popular vehicles for foreign market servicing, but few studies have focused on the joint venturing activities of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). This article examines the activities of 9 U.K. and 12 German SME joint ventures in China. Based on a questionnaire survey and in-depth case interviews, it reveals that the JVs, though successful, are not without their problems and the experiences are similar to those of large multi-national enterprises. As the key to success is the choice of the joint venture partner, assistance is required to help SMEs identify and select appropriate partners. 相似文献
996.
Wee-Liang?TanEmail author John?Williams Teck-Meng?Tan 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2005,1(3):353-365
What is social entrepreneurship? In, particular, what’s so social about it? Understanding what social entrepreneurship is enables researchers to study the phenomenon and policy-makers to design measures to encourage it. However, such an understanding is lacking partly because there is no universally accepted definition of entrepreneurship as yet. In this paper, we suggest a definition of social entrepreneurship that intuitively accords with what is generally accepted as entrepreneurship and that captures the way in which entrepreneurship may be altruistic. Based on this we provide a taxonomy of social entrepreneurship and identify a number of real cases from Asia illustrating the different forms it could take. 相似文献
997.
In their role as political actors and lobbyists, corporations have responsibilities to help determine the existence and content of global regulations of pollutants. The ethical nature of those responsibilities is highly sensitive to the assumed normative framework. This paper compares several frameworks by modeling them as differently weighted versions of utilitarianism. Under a strict neoclassical approach, corporations have a narrow obligation to maximize profits, which generally entails opposing emission regulations. In contrast, a stakeholder approach as well as Marxian and common ethics approaches suggest that firms have an obligation to actively support sustainable emission regulations with the following properties
However, the stakeholder approach supports phase-in rules to mitigate short-run compliance costs. 相似文献
• | major restrictions would be global rather than local |
• | global restrictions would apply in all cases of persistent emissions |
• | global restrictions would apply to non-persistent emissions as well, unless they have been affirmatively shown to be safe using reasonably persuasive scientific evidence |
• | safety thresholds would be set fairly restrictively, based on administrative models and rules of thumb, in light of existing scientific knowledge but without requiring full scientific justification |
• | long-run goals would include zero emission of persistent unsafe substances. |
998.
This paper investigates causal relationships between planning and performance utilizing a longitudinal database with responses
from the same 2,956 businesses over a four-year period. Results confirm the association between planning activity and performance
that is evident in most extant literature. They also, however, cast doubt on the traditional perception of the causal sequence
of that association. Although subject to a number of limitations, the results indicate that planning is more likely to be
introduced into a small firm after a period of growth rather than before a period of growth. These results make an important
contribution to understanding the planning performance relationship for two main reasons: they overcome the static data and
relatively smaller sample size restrictions of many past studies; and, they provide evidence concerning the sequence of the
relationship between planning and performance. 相似文献
999.
Two approaches can be distinguished with respect to modelling entrepreneurship: (i) the approach focusing on the net development of the number of entrepreneurs in an equilibrium framework and (ii) the approach focusing on the entries and exits of entrepreneurs. In this paper we unify these approaches to arrive at a model explaining the equilibrium and actual number of entrepreneurs and the entry and exit rate of entrepreneurs simultaneously and consistently. We apply our unified approach to the Netherlands using self-employment data for the 1960–1999 period. We find error-correction of about 20% per year and a very different situation in terms of disequilibrium before and after the early 1980s. Periods of high unemployment appear to be characterized by both high entry and high exit rates. 相似文献
1000.
Michael?Anyadike-Danes Mark?HartEmail author Maureen?O’Reilly 《Small Business Economics》2005,25(3):273-292
The paper investigates the relationships between registrations, de-registrations and population density at county level in
the UK using VAT data for 20 years over the period 1980–1999. The rationale for this is based on the need to understand how
the extent to which, in different parts of the UK, differences in the relationship between birth rates and death rates combine
to produce an interpretable pattern in net birth rates. The analysis of the net birth rate shows that a strategy aimed at
the net birth rate might, in principle, just as well aim at reducing business failure, rather than raising the birth rate.
Indeed this might be more efficient, since it implies that less start-ups are “wasted” as it would avoid the necessity, if targets are to be reached, of encouraging those individuals who are patently unsuited
to running their own business into business ownership. 相似文献