权利、权威、利益——和谐社会构建中法律控制的基础分析

社会生活的有序化是社会发展的目标。实现社会生活的有序化的路径和方法有多种，其中法律控制是一种正式形式。法律确立了秩序的权利基石、信任基础和认同前提，也拥有有效防止和化解矛盾冲突从而构建秩序的权威。权利本位是法律控制的政治基础，法律权威是法律控制的观念基础，利益调节是法律控制的社会基础。建立完善的法律控制机制是构建和谐社会的关键。     

论农村产业结构调整的对策

调整农村产业结构是时代的要求,也是农民利益自身的要求。文章根据新一轮农村产业结构调整的现实意义,提出调整农村产业结构应遵循的原则和具体措施。     

利用加工贸易技术扩散优化出口商品结构研究

加工贸易对我国经济发展的促进作用不仅表现在扩大贸易规模和促进经济增长上,更重要的是体现在促进我国技术进步和出口商品结构升级上,而这一作用主要是通过加工贸易的技术扩散效应获得的。加工贸易通过吸引外商直接投资、商品进出口、产业关联效应和人力资本流动等几个途径,扩散和传播了国外先进技术,优化了出口商品结构,并推动我国在技术进步的阶梯上不断攀升。     

How does Financial Distress Affect Small Firms’ Financial Structure?

This paper provides new evidence on the financial structure of small firms by emphasizing the role played by financial distress. We specify a model of debt adjustments that allows us to investigate the specific nature of the adjustment process towards target debt levels in small firms, which is then extended to account for the effect of financial distress on financial structure decisions. Our models were estimated by the Generalized Method of Moments on a data panel of small Portuguese firms during a period of recession, in which a substantial proportion of the companies analyzed faced a financial distress situation. We find that small firms do adjust their debt ratios towards target levels, the speed of adjustment being faster in the shorter term. Our results also indicate that there are major differences in the determinants of long-term and short-term debt, highlighting the role played by debt maturity in explaining a firm’s financial structure. Finally, random behavior is observed in financially distressed firms, who seem to be disoriented when making their financial structure decisions.     

Do retail gasoline prices rise more readily than they fall?: A threshold cointegration approach

This paper revisits the controversy over whether retail gasoline prices respond to increases in upstream prices more rapidly than decreases. Using threshold and momentum models of cointegration and daily data at different stages in the distribution chain, we find that transmission between upstream and downstream prices is mostly asymmetric in the momentum model: increases in upstream prices are passed on to downstream prices more quickly than decreases. We distinguish between small and large shocks and show that the asymmetry is more pronounced for small shocks, which may be due to consumer search costs.     

美国网上证券经纪公司发展路径研究

本文认为,网上证券经纪公司会随着企业生存环境的改变,依据自身的内生竞争实力及外生获得性能力不断地在发展过程中进行业务转型和策略调整,以获取其他企业的优势基因,整合企业自有资源,增强企业抗风险能力,从而适应环境的变化,保持企业的长期生存和持久的竞争实力。文章指出,企业的策略选择具有路径依赖的惯性,不同的网上经纪公司会采取不同的策略切入点,同一个企业在不同的发展阶段也会采取不同的策略,选择不同的路径以求得发展和提高。     

中国社会经济政策调整

本文认为,实现科学发展与社会和谐以及为此而进行体制改革和制度建设,是中国当前乃至整个现代化建设时期社会经济政策的主调。中国经济和社会在发展的潮流中,也面临着许多成长中的烦恼,如资源和环境制约,发展不平衡,社会发展滞后,社会矛盾比较突出。能否实现科学发展与社会和谐,在稳定的社会环境中推进现代化建设,是中国面临的挑战。为了解决经济和社会发展中的突出矛盾和问题,中央提出两大战略思想:一是贯彻落实科学发展观,二是构建社会主义和谐社会。这是发展理念的进步,也标志着政策调整的方向。文章指出,促进科学发展与社会和谐的政策导向,将更加注重可持续发展,更加注重支持落后地区和农村发展,更加注重社会发展,更加注重社会公平,更加注重制度建设。科学发展与社会和谐既是发展理念和政策目标,也是不断实践的过程,不同发展阶段应该有不同的要求。中国实现科学发展与社会和谐,符合世界各国人民的共同利益,也将会对世界和平与发展作出更大的贡献。     

Sectoral adjustment costs and real exchange rate dynamics in a two-sector dependent economy

This paper develops a two-sector model in which intersectoral capital movements involve adjustment costs, expressed as capital lost in the transformation process. These costs have important consequences for the dynamics of capital accumulation and particularly for real exchange rate dynamics. Persistent deviations of the real exchange rate from its equilibrium are derived and for plausible values of the adjustment cost parameters are consistent with the observed degree of real exchange rate persistence. For low adjustment costs the dynamics are qualitatively similar to those of the standard Heckscher-Ohlin technology. For high adjustment costs, the model converges to the specific-factors model. Thus our framework includes these two standard models as polar extremes.     

我国与东盟农产品出口结构调整能力的比较分析

东盟是我国重要的农产品出口市场之一,近年来我国与东盟农产品贸易出现了逆差不断扩大的问题。本文利用斯皮尔曼等级相关系数重点分析和比较了我国与东盟农产品出口结构调整能力的强弱及变化趋势。研究结果表明:我国农产品出口结构调整能力明显弱于东盟,另外,我国和东盟都是按照对方市场当年农产品总进口需求进行结构调整,这比滞后一年表现得更为明显。     

Multi-Party Negotiation When Agents Have Subjective Estimates of Bargaining Powers

This paper presents a method for generating Pareto-optimal solutions in multi-party negotiations. In this iterative method, decision makers (DMs) formulate proposals that yield a minimum payoff to their opponents. Each proposal belongs to the efficient frontier, DMs try to adjust to a common one. In this setting, each DM is supposed to have a given bargaining power. More precisely each DM is supposed to have a subjective estimate of the power of the different parties. We study the convergence of the method, and provide examples where there is no possible agreement resulting from it.