城市化对碳生产率的阶段性效应及其区域分异特征研究——来自中国地级市的证据

城市是人类生产与生活的集中地和重要载体,因而也是能源消费和碳排放的关键主体,在建设低碳城市和发展绿色经济的政策工具箱中,提高碳生产率是最重要的抓手.基于此,本文在Cobb?Douglas成本函数基础上构建了城市化与城市碳生产率关系的理论模型,并运用门槛回归检验了我国地级市层面人口城市化、土地城市化与城市碳生产率的动态关系.实证结果表明:人口城市化与土地城市化对城市碳生产率具有不同的阶段性效应,其中人口城市化与城市碳生产率呈现"强促进?弱促进"的关系,拐点位于非农就业人口占比5.36％处;而土地城市化与城市碳生产率呈现"促进?脱钩"的关系,拐点位于建成区面积占比1.09％处.分地区的实证结果从区域层面证明了该阶段性效应的稳健.该结论表明,当前我国大多数地级市均已越过以上两个门槛值,意味着低碳式城市化和科学合理的城市规划将是我国经济绿色低碳发展的必由之路.     

城市中心区绿地系统生态承载力空间格局研究

基于植被净初级生产力的生态承载力评估方法,采用MOD17A3数据并结合分区统计、空间自相关和锡尔指数等方法,研究大连市中心区绿地系统生态承载力的空间特征、格局和机制。结果显示:大连市中心区整体NPP平均值为197.68 gC/m2,Moran’s I指数为0.73,空间差异指数为0.13;生态承载力具有"极低"和"极高"级分化的特征,聚类特征和空间分异主要表现在甘井子区;生态承载力呈现出"西高东低"的网格格局、"乡村型高城市型低"的社区格局和"内低外高"的圈层格局。文章首次分析了自然因素和人类活动共同作用下,生态承载力空间格局的作用机制,研究结论对城市绿色空间可持续发展和绿地系统建设具有重要意义。     

Big-box retail entry in urban and rural areas: are there productivity spillovers to incumbent retailers?

This paper empirically measures the potential spillover effects of big-box retail entry on the productivity of incumbent retailers in the entry regions, and investigates whether the effects differ depending on the size of the new establishment relative to the size of the local market. The results indicate that big-box entry increases the productivity of incumbent stores in two of three rural entry regions where the IKEA is large relative to the local retail market, while no productivity spillover effects could be found in the case of the urban IKEA entry in Gothenburg.     

Creating a research culture on the way to AACSB accreditation

Perhaps the most challenging aspect of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business accreditation process for small, teaching-based universities is the formation of faculty motivated to publish peer-reviewed journal articles. At these types of schools, where research is generally undervalued and not rewarded, the challenge of changing the research culture to become a more productive one is enormous. Drawing from Weisbord’s six-box model on organizational change, the authors discuss five main recommendations a small teaching university identified from its systematic approach toward implementing a research culture for Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business accreditation.     

Retailing under resale price maintenance: Economies of scale and scope,and firm strategic response,in the inter-war British retail pharmacy sector

The article examines the impact of resale price maintenance (RPM) on market structure, productivity, and competitive advantage in British retail pharmacy. In contrast to influential studies, but consistent with contemporary and recent work, it is shown that the major multiples were able to ameliorate the negative growth impacts of RPM. Higher profit margins ? principally from larger manufacturer discounts and backward integration – were used to fund initiatives aimed at boosting aggregate sales and economies of scale and scope. These relationships are explored using a recently discovered national establishment-level survey of retail pharmacists’ costs and margins, together with internal data for Boots Ltd.     

Verdoorn’s law and productivity dynamics: An empirical investigation into the demand and supply approaches

According to Verdoorn’s law, productivity growth is endogenous to output growth, due to the existence of increasing returns to scale, broadly defined. Such an idea is at the root of both the endogenous growth theory and the Kaldorian approach. While in Kaldor’s view, a country’s growth is demand-driven, in the endogenous growth theory, growth is determined by the growth of the factors of production and hence growth is supply-constrained. This article empirically tests both assumptions for Verdoorn’s law by using a dynamic panel of manufacturing industries for seventy countries at different stages of development for the years between 1963 and 2009. In order to distinguish between these approaches, two different specifications are estimated where the growth of output and the supply of factors of production are instrumentalized by system generalized method of moments (GMM)estimators. The results show that, if it is assumed that the growth rates of countries are demand-driven, a faster growth of output increases productivity growth due to the existence of increasing returns. Alternatively, if it is assumed that output growth is driven by the growth of the supply of the factors of production, it is not possible to conclude that productivity growth is induced by output growth.     

企业异质性：出口贸易、国外直接投资与企业外包

企业异质性作为新新贸易理论研究的核心内容,通过阐释企业异质性与出口贸易、国外直接投资、外包之间的逻辑关系,从微观层面来剖析企业的国际化路径和全球生产组织模式选择,对国际贸易的成因、利得与资源重新配置提供了全新解释。该理论打破了以往贸易理论关于企业同质性假定,把国际贸易建立在异质性企业这一微观经济主体基础之上,对当今国际贸易成因、结构和模式进行了具有相当说服力的全新解读。     

浅议信息革命下生产力存在方式

从生产力因素角度来看,信息革命下,智力、资本力和人的努力构成了生产力不可或缺的三个因素。在信息革命时代,生产力需要的更多的是以知识信息为基础的智力;资本获取了前所未有的力量,继续推动社会生产力的发展;信息经济是学习性经济、创新性经济和聚变性经济,更需要人的努力和勤奋。     

基于分行业面板数据的服务业全要素生产率分析——以浙江省为例

文章利用面板单位根与协整分析技术构建面板数据模型,以浙江为例,对服务业分行业的全要素生产率进行估算,在此基础上分析了各行业全要素生产率的增长率及对产出的贡献率。研究结果表明,相比资本密集型行业,劳动密集型和知识密集型行业资本弹性系数小于劳动力弹性系数;相比生活型服务业,生产型服务业的全要素生产率的增长率较快,对产出的贡献率较高;服务业分行业的全要素生产率的增长率及对产出的贡献率呈现不断提高态势。     

中国生产性服务业与制造业的共生行为模式检验

在很长一段时期内,生产性服务业与制造业的共生发展将会是中国产业结构演化调整的最佳状态。为深入剖析目前中国生产性服务业与制造业的共生关系,以全要素生产率为主质参量构造面板数据,对中国生产性服务业与制造业的共生行为模式及地区差异进行判定和甄别。研究结果显示:中国生产性服务业与制造业处于非对称性互惠共生状态,生产性服务业对制造业的依存度要大于制造业对生产性服务业的依存度;各省市地区的共生行为模式差异较大,东、中、西部地区的共生状态渐次恶化,部分中西部省份甚至出现了反向共生现象;样本时段内生产性服务业与制造业的共生度和共生系数波动不定,2005年出现实质性转折。