试论涉农企业发展的困境及成因——以杨凌农业高新技术产业示范区为例

本文在调查分析的基础上,对杨凌涉农企业的特点及困境进行了归纳,对产生困境的原因进行了剖析,提出的对策与建议有:建立杨凌涉农企业规范蓝本和稀缺急需人才激励机制,设立杨凌农业保险基金和杨凌涉农企业融资库,大力推广涉农企业的产品品牌战略。     

关于“三农”问题的战略性思考

必须从战略的高度来审视“三农”问题,“三农”问题不仅仅是经济问题,更重要的是社会问题和政治问题。“三农”问题是由诸多原因造成的,其中既有历史原因又有现实原因,既有经济和技术原因又有制度原因。“三农”问题是一个系统的综合性的问题,必须用系统工程方法来解决,其中最关键的问题是要创造一个良好的制度、法制和文化环境。“三农”问题的核心是农业问题,必须以实现农业现代化为突破口来带动农民和农村问题的解决。“三农”问题解决与否的主要标志是是否实现农村现代化,必须采取综合性的措施来加速农村现代化的实现。     

新时期农业科技与金融融合的示范园模式与“公司+农户”模式探索

农民如何依托土地脱贫增收成为我国农业发展的关键问题。农业科技与金融的融合是家庭联产承包责任制下提升农业产出效率的有效手段。通过创新农业经营主体,建立政府引导、市场主导的\"示范园模式\"与\"公司+农户\"模式加强农业科技与金融融合;构建完善的试验-示范技术扩散体系,帮助农民进行技术模仿,提升农业技术能力;结合金融扶持,帮助农民提升对接市场技术的能力,提高土地产出效率是促进农民脱贫增收的有效途径。     

定西地区农业生态系统结构优化的对策

本文通过定西地区农业生态系统结构与功能分析,认为：生态系统结构不完善,生产力和经济功能低下。据此从农业可持续发展的角度出发,提出了优化农业生态系统结构和提高其功能的对策。     

“十一五”我国农产品质量安全发展的条件和趋势分析

文章在总结农产品质量安全发展的新形势的基础上,探讨了WTO对我国农产品质量安全的影响及提高我国农产品国际竞争力的途径,同时对“十一五”安全农产品市场发展的前景与趋势进行了系统的分析,为农产品质量安全的发展指明了方向。     

Land pressures,the evolution of farming systems,and development strategies in Africa: A synthesis

Evidence assembled in this special issue of Food Policy shows that rising rural population densities in parts of Africa are profoundly affecting farming systems and the region’s economies in ways that are underappreciated in current discourse on African development issues. This study synthesizes how people, markets and governments are responding to rising land pressures in Africa, drawing on key findings from the various contributions in this special issue. The papers herein revisit the issue of Boserupian agricultural intensification as an important response to land constraints, but they also go further than Boserup and her followers to explore broader responses to land constraints, including non-farm diversification, migration, and reduced fertility rates. Agricultural and rural development strategies in the region will need to more fully anticipate the implications of Africa’s rapidly changing land and demographic situation, and the immense challenges that mounting land pressures pose in the context of current evidence of unsustainable agricultural intensification, a rapidly rising labor force associated with the region’s current demographic conditions, and limited nonfarm job creation. These challenges are manageable but will require explicit policy actions to address the unique development challenges in densely populated rural areas.     

农业产业化与普惠金融的耦合关系及协调发展——以湖南省为例

在讨论农业产业化与普惠金融系统协调发展机理的基础上,分别构建农业产业化与普惠金融的评价指标体系;利用耦合协调度模型,以湖南省为例分析2008-2017年农业产业化与普惠金融的发展情况及其耦合关系的时序变化过程。结果发现：湖南省农业产业化与普惠金融的水平均呈上升趋势,两者耦合协调度不断提高,已由过渡阶段转变到了协调阶段。两者呈现农业产业化相对滞后与普惠金融相对滞后交替变化的情况,现阶段表现为农业产业化相对滞后。为了促进农业产业化与普惠金融的协调发展,开发性普惠金融支持的重点应当是农业产业化,需要加快基于农业产业化的普惠金融基础设施建设,特别是数字普惠金融的建设,强化金融素质教育,并建立相应的协调管理机制。     

Agricultural pesticides and land use intensification in high,middle and low income countries

We study levels and trends in agricultural pesticide use for a large cross-section of countries using FAO data for the period 1990–2009. Our analysis shows that a 1% increase in crop output per hectare is associated with a 1.8% increase in pesticide use per hectare but that the growth in intensity of pesticide use levels off as countries reach a higher level of economic development. However, very few high income countries have managed to significantly reduce the level of intensity of their pesticide use, because decreases in insecticide use at higher income levels are largely offset by increases in herbicide and fungicide use. The results also show very rapid growth in the intensity of pesticide use for several middle income countries such as Brazil, Mexico, Uruguay, Cameroon, Malaysia and Thailand. Complementing our analysis with data from the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent (PIC), we show that hazardous pesticides covered in the PIC procedure are more weakly regulated in lower than in higher income countries. We discuss the policy challenges facing developing countries with a rapid growth in pesticide use and recommend a four-pronged strategy, including an environmental tax on pesticides with revenues allocated to long-term investments in awareness building, the development of integrated crop management methods and the setting of food safety standards. The interactions between these measures should help contribute to the effectiveness of the overall strategy package.     

试论农业科技发展的规律性

本文从逻辑和历史相结合的角度,论述了农业科技发展作为一个过程所具有的三个方面的规律性,即：①生活资料需求、生产资料需求、生态环境需求和社会文化需求等多样化的社会需求是推动农业科技发展的主要动力;②清除或缓解生产要素配置中的“瓶颈”制约,是农业科技发展的突破口;③提高由社会生产力和自然生产力构成的农业生产力的整体水平,是它业科技发展的落脚点。