国家安全视角下的生物资源安全与保护制度研究

2014年习近平总书记提出了“总体国家安全观”理念,这是我国社会主义理论制度的又一伟大创新。本文从本次新冠疫情对于国家综合安全利益的影响出发,结合疫情对国家安全要素的扩张以及对国家安全利益的威胁等实际情况,探寻本次疫情暴露出的国家安全制度中存在的问题,以期完善我国以生物资源和公共卫生安全为代表的公共安全管理制度和疫情防控制度。     

生物过滤除臭在葫芦岛高新区污水厂设计中的应用

文章结合污水处理厂实际工程案例,对目前国内普遍采用的各种除臭技术进行比较,对生物过滤技术除臭的设计及运行效果进行详细论述。     

中学生物实验现状的调查与分析

《生物课程标准》的颁布以及现代社会的发展要求,对实验提出了更高的要求和标准。那么当前的中学生物实验又是一个什么状况呢?为此笔者开展了一系列实际情况调查。     

一体式A/O反应器处理高浓度有机废水实验研究

采用一体式A/O工艺对传统工艺进行改造,进行了一体式厌氧-好氧反应器(IAOR)生物流化床处理高浓度有机废水启动与运行实验。实验结果表明:在16～20℃下,25d完成反应器启动;在20～28℃下,反应器运行40d后,HRT缩短为20h,进水CODCr浓度提高为11800mg/L,容积负荷增加为13.2KgCOD/(m3·d)时,厌氧反应区CODCr去除率可达73%,好氧区可达95%,IAOR系统可达99%。证明IAOR反应器处理效率高,启动快,抗冲击负荷能力强,出水水质优良,适合于处理浓度高、水质水量变化大的有机废水。具有良好的工业应用前景。     

荧光增白剂的毒性

荧光增白剂的毒性一直是大家关注的问题,本文根据国外大量的文献报道,就荧光增白剂对动物及人体的急性毒性、慢性毒性、致癌性、诱变性、刺激性等方面提供给读者一系列较为完整的数据。     

建立农户生物资产融资机制的思考

农户是我国最基本的农业生产单元,也是解决“三农”问题的焦点所在,影响农户生产经营的原因很多,资金短缺、融资困难是其中之一。建立农户生物资产融资机制,是解决农户资金问题的有效途径。生物资产融资要通过建立和完善农村金融服务体系、对生物资产进行价值评估、建立生物资产交易市场体系、创新生物资产融资方式来完成。     

建设城市森林需警惕生物入侵

在城市森林建设过程中,为了丰富城市的生物多样性,必然会大力引进外来植物,但引种可能会引起外来生物入侵.从生物入侵的含义、危害及其特征的分析入手,着重探讨了城市森林建设过程中面临的生物入侵问题,提出了防止生物入侵的一些有效措施.     

Farmers,Biodiversity and Plant Protection: Developing a Learning Environment for Sustainable Tree Cropping Systems

More diverse, perennial cropping systems often have better natural mechanisms for keeping pests at bay. But while scientists emphasise the broad benefits of conservation in terms of effective ecosystem functioning, farmers are more interested in biodiversity for the provision of food or of services such as shade or windbreaks. Because of their limited knowledge of the role of biodiversity in plant protection, farmers sometimes unconsciously disturb natural regulatory mechanisms. Some citrus farmers in Vietnam introduced sapodilla as an intercrop to diversify their source of income, and because this fruit tree requires little care. However, this apparently worthwhile attempt to combine two valuable crops has misfired. The ecological conditions that traditionally sustained natural pest control in citrus have been disturbed, thus trapping farmers in the pesticide treadmill. The weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina stopped protecting citrus from stinkbugs and leaf-feeding caterpillars after facing competition from the black ant Dolichoderus thoracicus, which favours sapodilla trees as a nesting habitat. To avoid similar scenarios in the future, methods for linking scientific research on ecosystem functions with farmers' own knowledge, experience and priorities are presented. Examples are given of ways in which farmers in perennial cropping systems learn, and how scientists can facilitate this learning process.     

在生物教学中如何提高学生自学能力

在教学过程中加强学生自学能力的培养,将直接关系到生物学科的教学质量,也有利于对学生的创新教育。本文就学生的自学能力培养问题进行了必要的阐述。     

Cost-efficacy analysis of biological treatments in psoriasis: an 18-month assessment

Summary

This study compared the cost-efficacy of the following approved biological treatment strategies for plaque psoriasis over 18 months: (1) alefacept 15 mg intramuscularly weekly for two 12-week courses; (2) efalizumab 1 mg/kg subcutaneously (SC) weekly; and (3) etanercept 50 mg SC twice weekly for 12 weeks followed by a maintenance dose of 50 mg weekly. Direct utilisation-related costs included drug costs, office fees, injection fees and costs incurred due to adverse events and laboratory monitoring. Efficacy was based on response rates from large-scale clinical trials. At 18 months, total utilisation-related costs for alefacept, efalizumab and etanercept were $26,667, $33,365 and $32,962, respectively. Cost-efficacy, calculated using the corresponding response rates for the three therapies, was comparable ($66,669, $75,828 and $61,041, respectively). Thus, for patients with moderate to severe psoriasis who have responded to therapy, two 12-week courses of alefacept 7 months apart, or weekly maintenance treatment with efalizumab or etanercept, resulted in comparable total cost-efficacy.