香港发行人民币债券的效应与对策分析

在香港发行人民币债券，既是香港特区政府多年来的愿望，也是人民币国际化的重要一步，因此具有极其重要的意义。本文通过在香港发行人民币债券对内地和香港的积极作用和消极作用的分析，提出了在港发行人民币债券应注意的问题以及相关对策建议。     

From T-Bills to Stocks: Seasonal Anomalies Revisited

This paper employed eleven data series which consist of stocks, bonds, bills, equity premiums, term premiums, and various default premiums to investigate whether January seasonality reported in existing literature is robust across different states of the economy as this has important trading implications. For the periods 1926–1990, small stocks, small stock premiums, low grade bonds, and default premiums (spread between high grade, low grade and government bonds) reveal January seasonality and that the seasonality is robust across different states of the economy except for low grade bond returns and default premiums. January seasonality for low grade bond returns and low grade bond default premiums are primarily driven by results found during periods of economic expansion. Overall, January seasonality is more evident during the economic expansion periods although the magnitude of default premiums is larger during periods of economic contraction. Furthermore, prior findings of strong summer equity returns are primarily driven by the results found during the periods of economic contraction. It is also found that equity returns are generally higher during periods of economic expansion.     

The tax (dis)advantage of a firm issuing options on its own stock

It is common for firms to issue or purchase options on the firm's own stock. Examples include convertible bonds, warrants, call options as employee compensation, and the sale of put options as part of share repurchase programs. This paper shows that option positions with implicit borrowing—such as put sales and call purchases—are tax-disadvantaged relative to the equivalent synthetic option with explicit borrowing. Conversely, option positions with implicit lending—such as warrants—are tax-advantaged. I also show that firms are better off from a tax perspective issuing bifurcated convertible bonds—bonds plus warrants—rather than an otherwise equivalent standard convertible.     

Default- and call-adjusted duration for corporate bonds

Call and default can potentially alter the timing and amounts of promised cashflows for callable, corporate bonds. While prior research has indicated the theoretical importance of adjusting Macaulay duration for the impacts of default and call, the question of their relative impact remains a matter of debate [The High Yield Debt Market, Dow Jones Irwin, New York, 1990, p. 18; J. Finan. 53 (1998) 2225]. We develop a theoretical analysis incorporating both default and call effects on duration and test its implications employing a previously unexplored data base of Canadian, investment grade, corporate bond indices containing an unusual provision making it possible to identify callable and noncallable indices.     

Capital, corporate income taxes, and catastrophe insurance

We provide estimates of the equity capital needed and the resulting tax costs incurred when supplying catastrophe insurance/reinsurance using a partial equilibrium model that incorporates a specific loss distribution for US catastrophe losses. After consideration of insurer investment in tax-exempt securities, tax loss carry-back/forward provisions, and personal taxes, our results imply that the tax costs of equity finance alone have a substantial effect on the cost of supplying catastrophe reinsurance. These results help explain a variety of industry developments that reduce tax costs. Also, when coupled with non-tax costs of capital, these results help explain the limited scope of catastrophe insurance/reinsurance.     

主债务人破产后保证人停止计息的法理与实践

我国《企业破产法》第四十六条第二款规定:"附利息的债权自破产申请受理时起停止计息。"但是该条规定是否及于保证人在实务中存在不同的裁判路径。对不同判决的分析,法院比较偏向于保证从债权的范围不应超过主债权,所以停止计息也应当及于保证人。本文从突破保证责任从属性的角度分析,论证破产止息不及于保证人的合理性,并对现在的破产止息制度进行思考。     

美国次级房贷及其抵押债券危机的成因分析

始于2007年初的美国次级债务问题愈演愈烈,好几家大公司和七十多家对冲基金深陷其中,对全球金融市场带来一次又一次的冲击。本文从美国次级住房贷款市场的发展、信用特征、风险度量等三方面探讨次债危机发生的原因、可能的影响及教训。本文认为,次级房贷及相关的住房抵押债券本身属于高风险资产,并且难以准确定价,风险溢价偏低致使金融机构对损失准备不够充足;美国宏观经济发展减速使得地产价格下跌更是加速了风险的释放。美国顶级金融机构深陷次债危机之中,承受巨大经济损失,再次表明风险管理不容忽视。     

中国上市公司可转债发行动因:“后门权益”VS“代理成本”

本文以中国上市公司2002—2008年发行的可转债为研究样本进行实证研究,发现可转债发行公告的财富效应与该可转债实现转股可能性的预期正相关,具体而言,与发行公司的成长机会、财务困境风险水平正相关,并且与整体股市的状况也紧密相关。进一步结合可转债退市的分析表明,中国上市公司可转债融资是一种典型的后门权益融资。实证研究的结果不支持基于代理成本的动因假说。     

碳债券的估值及敏感性分析

论文以2014年5月13日中广核电附加碳收益中期票据的成功发行为背景,在假设核证碳减排量(CER)服从几何分形过程的情况下,结合分形过程的蒙特卡洛模拟,研究了中期碳债券的设计和估值问题,并分析了不同的期权条款设计带来的风险差异。研究认为相对较复杂的强路径依赖型亚式浮息碳债券,在碳现货价格波动性较大的情况下,简单的欧式浮息碳债券是更好的设计选择。     

Positive asymmetric information in volatile environments: The black market dollar and sovereign bond yields in Venezuela

PurposeWe test the informational efficiency of Venezuelan USD sovereign bond yields when the black market exchange-rate premium (BMERP) changes.DesignWe use a non-parametric, asymmetric, Granger causality test to test our hypothesis.FindingsWe find that the bond market with less than or equal to 5 years of maturity seems to be efficient when good news is released on the BMERP. However, this market is not informationally efficient, and when combined with unbiased bad news regarding the BMERP, arbitrage opportunities are created.Originality/valueCapital controls that restrict free exchange-rate mechanisms create arbitrage opportunities with negative news as opposed to positive news.