Beyond classical van Westendorp: Assessing price sensitivity for variants of algae-based meat substitutes

Food product innovations are characterized by high flop rates. In an early development stage, manifold product formulations seem feasible. To determine the most promising product option, market research can help, but is frequently considered too costly and complex. We assess the applicability of the van Westendorp approach, an inexpensive and simple method, for guiding early product design and pricing decisions for novel foods. Findings from a between-subject experiment for meat substitutes consisting of different shares of micro-algae indicate that micro-algae, while a cost driver, has little effect on price preferences. Implications for novel food product design, market research, and retailing are discussed.     

人工智能发展对通胀动态的影响及政策挑战——基于动态随机一般均衡模型的分析

人工智能的发展是生产力进步的表现，但广泛使用人工智能技术的经济效应尚待深入研究。基于人工智能对劳动的替代作用，将人工智能投资引入动态随机一般均衡模型，通过比较静态分析和短期动态分析考察人工智能发展对通胀动态的影响。稳态分析表明：人工智能投资效率提高和使用范围扩大均会提升劳动生产率进而提高产出水平，但对长期或趋势通胀没有影响；在人工智能发展初级阶段人工智能的发展会引起实际工资下降，而在相对高级阶段人工智能的发展会引起实际工资上升。短期动态分析显示：人工智能发展水平的提高，无论是投资效率的提高还是使用范围的扩大，都会导致通胀及实际边际成本对偏好冲击和技术冲击等外生冲击的反应变弱。人工智能的发展会使通胀动态与实际经济活动变化间的联系减弱，其原因是人工智能对劳动的替代作用使工资调整不再是应对外生冲击的必然选择，进而改变了外生冲击通过影响工资来影响通胀的传导机制。因此，发展人工智能在促进生产率提升和产出增长的同时，还会改变宏观经济变量间的传导机制，进而对通胀等政策调控目标变量的准确预测以及政策调整和实施的有效性带来新的挑战，也为金融理论研究提出新的课题。     

农民创业行为影响因素研究——基于西北五省区调查的实证分析

基于西北五省区的调查数据,运用Logit离散选择模型,对农民创业行为的影响因素进行实证分析。研究结果表明:培训、社会经历、社会背景、人力资本等对农民的创业行为有正向影响,其中培训的边际影响值最大;年龄因素的影响是负的;性别、父母职业、兄弟姐妹数、父母平均受教育程度等因素的影响不显著。     

技术创新推动下的边际产业对外直接投资

依照“产业时空观”,在技术创新的推动下,出现两种类型的边际产业。技术创新对产业时间方向的影响主要体现在产品寿命周期上,对产业空间方向的影响则受到国内市场因素和国内资源因素的制约,特别是存在着要素节约型和要素节约与耗费复合型的技术创新,两种创新都会导致边际产业。促进中国经济边际产业发展的有效途径之一是扩大对外直接投资,实施“走出去”战略。     

短期生产决策理论下学生党支部最优规模分析

高校学生党支部是高校最重要的基层党组织团队之一。本文利用微观经济学短期生产决策理论,设置支部产出,构建数学模型,利用调查数据进行分析,对高校学生党支部这一特殊团队的规模最优进行了研究。     

稀释每股收益计算问题研究

潜在稀释性证券是指赋予持有者在报告期或以后期间享有普通股权利的一种金融工具或其他合同。在计算和列报"稀释每股收益"时,考虑潜在稀释性证券的影响,可以提供一个更可比、更有用的财务指标。但是不同的潜在稀释性证券存在着不同的稀释能力,本文将基于增量股每股收益法,提出对于评价潜在稀释性证券稀释能力的一些看法和思考。     

Lumpy Investment and Corporate Tax Policy

In the presence of both convex and nonconvex capital adjustment costs in a dynamic general equilibrium model, corporate tax policy generates both intensive and extensive margin effects via the channel of marginal Q. Its impact is determined largely by the strength of the extensive margin effect, which, in turn, depends on the cross‐sectional distribution of firms. Depending on the initial distribution of firms, the economy displays asymmetric responses to tax changes. Moreover, an anticipated increase in the future investment tax credit reduces investment and adjustment rate initially.     

供给侧改革背景下我国城市建设用地最优规模分析

本文基于边际等值原理，综合城市经济效益、社会效益、环境效益以及建设效益，构建多因子城市建设用地最优规模决策模型，并结合我国城市建设用地供给实际进行分析。结果显示：2001～2015年，我国城市发展经历了从建设用地短缺到最优及至过剩的过程，对建设用地增长的强依赖逐渐转变为弱依赖。城市建设用地增长与边际建设效益弱相关；与边际经济效益之间呈库兹涅茨倒U型曲线关系；与边际社会效益呈正相关、边际环境效益呈负相关。目前我国城市建设用地已经达到最优规模，其中建设用地供给与经济发展失调，是导致净效益下降的主要动因。     

Consumer Expectations for Geographical Origin: Eliciting Willingness to Pay (WTP) Using the Disconfirmation of Expectation Theory (EDT)

ABSTRACT

This study explores the impact of geographical origin in consumer expectations. Willingness to pay (WTP) for geographical origin was measured in three different information conditions (blind, labeled, and both blind and labeled) using an open ended technique of contingent valuation (CV) in the framework of expectations-disconfirmation theory (EDT). The results from the EDT show that a product with a positive reputation and highly preferred by the consumer is losing continuously the premium price paid for it. The decrease of the WTP in full information condition for the most preferred origin is probably due to the lowered consumer expectations and to the damages of the good image as a result of unfair competition, usurpation, and the misappropriation of the name. Geographical indications (GIs) may offer a solution to these problems by preserving the predictive value of origin information, maintaining high consumer expectations, and also preserving the good reputation of the product.