利用ACE值构造QC-LDPC码

为进一步提升中短码长下准循环低密度奇偶校验(Quasi-cyclic Low-density Parity-check,QC-LDPC) 码的纠错性能，提出了一种综合短环数目和环连通性的QC-LDPC码构造方法。首先，采用Golomb规则构造QC-LDPC码，对基矩阵中的部分元素进行替换预处理，初步降低短环数目；其次，采用所提的利用近似环外信息度（Approximate Cycle Extrinsic message degree，ACE）的消环掩模算法来优化QC-LDPC码，使得掩模后的校验矩阵具有较大的ACE平均值，最终完成QC-LDPC码的构造。该构造方法简单、通用性强，在短环数目和连通性间进行了平衡。与只考虑减少短环数目、增大围长等方法相比，该方法构造的QC-LDPC码有更加优异的纠错性能。     

Exenatide BID and liraglutide QD treatment patterns among type 2 diabetes patients in Germany

Abstract

Objectives:

This study evaluated patient and prescriber characteristics, treatment patterns, average daily dose (ADD), and glycemic control of patients initiating glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in Germany.

Methods:

The LifeLink? EMR-EU database was searched to identify patients initiating exenatide twice daily (BID) or liraglutide once daily (QD) during the index period (January 1, 2009–April 4, 2010). Eligible patients had ≥180 days pre-index history, ≥90 days post-index follow-up, and a pre-index type 2 diabetes diagnosis. Univariate tests were conducted at α?=?0.05.

Results:

Six hundred and ninety-two patients were included (exenatide BID 292, liraglutide QD 400): mean (SD) age 59 (10) years, 59% male. Diabetologists prescribed liraglutide QD to a larger share of patients (65% vs 35% exenatide BID) than non-diabetologists (51% vs 49%). GLP-1 receptor agonist choice was not associated with age (p?=?0.282), gender (p?=?0.960), number of pre-index glucose-lowering medications (2.0 [0.9], p?=?0.159), pre-index HbA1c (8.2 [1.5%], p?=?0.231) or Charlson Comorbidity Index score (0.45 [0.78], p?=?0.547). Mean (SD) ADD was 16.7?mcg (9.2, label range 10–20?mcg) for exenatide BID and 1.4?mg (0.7, label range 0.6–1.8?mg) for liraglutide QD. Among patients with post-index HbA1c tests, mean unadjusted values did not differ between cohorts. Exenatide BID patients were more likely than liraglutide QD patients to continue pre-index glucose-lowering medications (67.1% vs 60.3%, p?=?0.027) or to start concomitant glucose-lowering medications at index (32.2% vs 25.0%, p?=?0.013); exenatide BID patients were less likely to augment treatment with another drug post-index (15.8% vs 22.5%, p?=?0.027).

Limitations:

Results may not be generalizable. Lab measures for clinical outcomes were available only for a sub-set of patients.

Conclusions:

Results suggested that some differences exist between patients initiating exenatide BID or liraglutide QD, with respect to prescribing physician specialty and pre- and post-index treatment patterns. Both GLP-1 receptor agonists showed comparable post-index HbA1c values in a sub-set of patients.     

环京津生态抑制型贫困带的现状、成因及对策建议

环京津生态抑制型贫困带自然环境恶劣、生态脆弱、区域内贫困人口集中.但这些地区是京津地区重要的水源地和资源环境保障基地,在京津都市区的自然生态系统中具有重要屏障作用和战略地位,对区域内社会经济持续发展有重要影响.文章详细分析了环京津贫困带的现状和形成原因,并从建立生态经济发展特区、生态补偿机制构建、加强首都经济圈产业对接与合作、创新生态旅游扶贫等方面提出具体对策建议,以期改善环京津贫困带的贫困现状.     

Comparative evaluation of treatment patterns and healthcare utilization of newly-diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients by anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody status

Background: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody positivity is an established diagnostic factor for severe disease activity and joint damage and a prognostic factor for aggressive disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Objective: To compare RA-related treatment, healthcare utilization, and joint erosion between anti-CCP-positive and anti-CCP-negative RA patients.

Methods: Newly-diagnosed RA patients were identified from the Henry Ford Health System database between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2014; the date of the first RA diagnosis within the study period was the index date. Baseline anti-CCP test was used to categorize patients as anti-CCP-positive or anti-CCP-negative, and outcomes were evaluated in the 6 months post-index.

Results: There were 217 anti-CCP-positive and 191 anti-CCP-negative RA patients included in the study. A higher proportion of anti-CCP-positive patients were initiated on RA treatment than anti-CCP-negative patients (70.5% vs 23.0%; p?<?.0001). More anti-CCP-positive patients received methotrexate (73.2% vs 56.8%; p?=?.0374), while more anti-CCP-negative patients received hydroxychloroquine (31.8% vs 13.1%; p?=?.0037) in first-line therapy. A higher proportion of anti-CCP-negative patients were tested for rheumatoid factor (RF) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Of those tested, there were more positive test results in the anti-CCP-positive cohort compared to the anti-CCP-negative cohort (RF: 84.4% vs 18.2%, p?<?.0001; C-reactive protein [CRP]: 69.7% vs 48.3%, p?=?.0008; and ESR: 89.5% vs 53.9%, p?<?.0001). Outpatient utilization predominated, with more anti-CCP-positive patients having any outpatient physician office visit (96.3% vs 77.5%, p?<?.0001) and a higher mean number of visits (5.3 vs 2.5, p?<?.0001) than anti-CCP-negative patients. Among anti-CCP-positive (n?=?113) and anti-CCP-negative (n?=?58) patients with imaging results, more anti-CCP-positive patients had joint erosion compared to anti-CCP-negative patients (18.6% vs 8.6%; p?=?.0858); however, statistical significance was not reached.

Conclusion: RA patients with positive anti-CCP antibodies had higher degrees of inflammation and disease activity as indicated by laboratory results, which likely contributed to their higher rates of healthcare utilization, joint erosion, and proportions of RA treatment.     

安全法学的超前性与"违犯法令禁止的危险行为"的提出

超前性是安全科学发展的基本趋势.我国安全生产法片面强调实害犯,使得预防为主的原则得不到很好的贯彻落实.过失危险理论及国外相应的立法实践为我们提供了有益的借鉴.在把握过失危险行为犯罪化与谦抑性原则和法益保护理念的统一中提出"违犯法令禁止的危险行为"这一新的概念,为安全法学的重构提供一个新的逻辑起点.     

五味子发芽抑制物质的生物鉴定初报

阐述了五味子发芽抑制物质的提取，用层析法测得了种皮、果肉及种仁中抑制物质在层析上Ｒｆ值不同，并通过五味子果实各部位提取液层析，对莴苣种子的发芽影响做生物鉴定。     

我国人口的社会结构失衡:理论机制与经验事实

随着生育率水平的持续下降,我国不仅面临人口数量增长的困境,而且也发生了严重的人口社会结构失衡.文章基于教育资源稀释理论,从理论和经验两个方面研究了教育与生育率之间的相互作用以及由此所决定的人口发展规律,从而论证了人口社会结构失衡现象及其形成机制.研究表明:(1)教育与生育率之间的相互作用机制,一方面可以使生育率水平持续上升,导致人口发展进入高生育陷阱,另一方面也能够使生育率水平不断下降,让人口发展滑入低生育陷阱,由此形成了人口发展的"Z"形变化规律,即在中等教育水平上教育与生育率之间显著负相关,而在较高和较低的教育水平上两者并无明显关联;(2)由于我国的教育发展存在明显的城乡差距、地区差距和民族差距,那么在"Z"形人口发展规律的影响下,所有居民必然会逐步分化为两类,分别向生育率的高低两端集聚,从而就产生了人口的城乡结构、地区结构、民族结构和素质结构的失衡.进一步地,文章基于全国人口普查县级数据,使用工具变量法和Hausman-Taylor估计方法,验证了这种"Z"形人口发展规律及其所决定的人口社会结构失衡.文章不仅可以丰富当前的人口结构研究,而且对我国的人口和教育改革具有重要的启示.     

公众预期、货币政策与宏观经济波动——基于Agent新凯恩斯模型的经验研究

本文将ACE建模思想纳入到新凯恩斯理论框架,构建基于Agent的新凯恩斯模型,并利用拓展后的模型研究货币政策对宏观经济波动的影响。研究结果显示,我国经济中存在25%的家户是完全理性,存在73%的厂商是有限理性;产出与通货膨胀对货币政策冲击的反应较传统新凯恩模型平缓,并且持续时间更长;货币政策冲击是通货膨胀波动的主要来源,真实货币余额的偏好冲击可以解释大部分的产出波动。因此,在考虑了有限理性以及适应性预期后,经济的内在传导机制发生了变化,理解公众预期形式对分析宏观政策的经济影响至关重要。     

短肽型肠内营养剂对结直肠癌围手术期患者的影响

目的探讨短肽型肠内营养剂对结直肠癌围手术期患者的影响。方法选取2017年6月至2019年8月滨州医学院附属医院收治的结直肠癌手术患者104例作为研究对象,随机分为试验组和对照组,各52例。试验组采用短肽型肠内营养剂进行营养支持,对照组患者采用传统清洁灌肠,比较患者手术前1 d及术后1 d、3 d、7 d IgC、IgA、IgM、CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+水平和术中肠道清洁情况。结果术后7 d,CD3^+、CD4^+逐渐升高,试验组的升高情况明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组患者术中肠道清洁情况与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对结直肠癌患者围手术期采用短肽型肠内营养剂进行治疗,有利于患者术后免疫功能恢复。     

小肽及其营养作用

本文系统地介绍了小肽,并就小肽在动物营养中的作用及其吸收机制进行了进一步的阐述,对于小肽的应用提供了理论依据。