一种SAR与可见光图像压缩感知融合增强方法

针对机载多传感器成像战场态势感知的问题，提出了一种合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar，SAR)与可见光图像压缩感知融合增强方法。该方法首先对SAR与可见光图像分别进行压缩感知测量，得到压缩测量值，然后通过基于局部权值的融合方法实现对压缩测量值的融合，再利用有序度最优分割法提取SAR图像的强散射目标，最后对融合测量值重建得到初步融合图像，初步融合图像通过目标对比度增强得到最终融合图像。对多组图像进行了仿真分析，视觉及数值结果表明该方法能显著增强融合图像的目标对比度，提升了图像纹理清晰度，较大程度降低了图像融合过程中的数据计算量。     

Small Area Estimation for Disease Prevalence Mapping

Small area estimation (SAE) entails estimating characteristics of interest for domains, often geographical areas, in which there may be few or no samples available. SAE has a long history and a wide variety of methods have been suggested, from a bewildering range of philosophical standpoints. We describe design-based and model-based approaches and models that are specified at the area level and at the unit level, focusing on health applications and fully Bayesian spatial models. The use of auxiliary information is a key ingredient for successful inference when response data are sparse, and we discuss a number of approaches that allow the inclusion of covariate data. SAE for HIV prevalence, using data collected from a Demographic Health Survey in Malawi in 2015–2016, is used to illustrate a number of techniques. The potential use of SAE techniques for outcomes related to coronavirus disease 2019 is discussed.     

The impact of safety nets on technology adoption: a difference‐in‐differences analysis

This article contributes to a growing body of empirical literature relating credit constraints and incomplete insurance to investment decisions. We use panel data from rural Ethiopia to investigate whether participation in a safety net program enhances fertilizer adoption. Using a difference‐in‐differences estimator and inverse propensity score weighting, we find that participation in Ethiopia's food‐for‐work (FFW) program increased fertilizer adoption in the short run, but not in the long run. Results also indicate that the intensity of fertilizer usage increased with livestock holdings for FFW‐participant households, providing some evidence that the intervention helped asset‐rich farm households more than asset‐poor households. We find no significant effects of free distribution on fertilizer adoption or intensification. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that safety nets can be viewed as mechanisms that allow households to take on more risk to pursue higher profits. The results highlight the importance of safety net programs, their effectiveness in ensuring farmers that they will be protected against uninsured shocks, and how that assurance can translate into productivity‐enhancing behavior.     

Calibration Weighting Methods for Complex Surveys

This paper presents a careful investigation of the three popular calibration weighting methods: (i) generalised regression; (ii) generalised exponential tilting and (iii) generalised pseudo empirical likelihood, with a major focus on computational aspects of the methods and some empirical evidences on calibrated weights. We also propose a simple weight trimming method for range‐restricted calibration. The finite sample behaviour of the weights obtained by the three calibration weighting methods and the effectiveness of the proposed weight trimming method are examined through limited simulation studies.     

Arrow–Debreu equilibria for rank‐dependent utilities with heterogeneous probability weighting

We study Arrow–Debreu equilibria for a one‐period‐two‐date pure exchange economy with rank‐dependent utility agents having heterogeneous probability weighting and outcome utility functions. In particular, we allow the economy to have a mix of expected utility agents and rank‐dependent utility ones, with nonconvex probability weighting functions. The standard approach for convex economy equilibria fails due to the incompatibility with second‐order stochastic dominance. The representative agent approach devised in Xia and Zhou (2016) does not work either due to the heterogeneity of the weighting functions. We overcome these difficulties by considering the comonotone allocations, on which the rank‐dependent utilities become concave. Accordingly, we introduce the notion of comonotone Pareto optima, and derive their characterizing conditions. With the aid of the auxiliary problem of price equilibria with transfers, we provide a sufficient condition in terms of the model primitives under which an Arrow–Debreu equilibrium exists, along with the explicit expression of the state‐price density in equilibrium. This new, general sufficient condition distinguishes the paper from previous related studies with homogeneous and/or convex probability weightings.     

Optimal insurance under rank‐dependent utility and incentive compatibility

Bernard, He, Yan, and Zhou (Mathematical Finance, 25(1), 154–186) studied an optimal insurance design problem where an individual's preference is of the rank‐dependent utility (RDU) type, and show that in general an optimal contract covers both large and small losses. However, their results suffer from the unrealistic assumption that the random loss has no atom, as well as a problem of moral hazard that provides incentives for the insured to falsely report the actual loss. This paper addresses these setbacks by removing the nonatomic assumption, and by exogenously imposing the “incentive compatibility” constraint that both indemnity function and insured's retention function are increasing with respect to the loss. We characterize the optimal solutions via calculus of variations, and then apply the result to obtain explicitly expressed contracts for problems with Yaari's dual criterion and general RDU. Finally, we use numerical examples to compare the results between ours and Bernard et al.     

构建以价值创造为导向的商业银行内部审计体系的初步设想

商业银行内部审计的重点和主要目的应随商业银行发展战略及商业银行经营管理模式的转换而转换。本文从落实商业银行可持续发展战略及保障商业银行内部治理目标实现等角度出发,提出未来我国商业银行内部审计的重点应是商业银行及其分支机构的价值创造力,内部审计的目的也在于促进商业银行及其分支机构不断提升自身的价值创造力。本文建议借鉴融合国际上计量价值创造力的主要方法,构建以价值创造为导向的涵盖财务、风险管理、客户、内部流程及员工学习成长等五个方面审计维度的商业银行内部审计体系。本文还就各审计维度的评价指标进行设计,并建议采用熵值赋权法进行指标赋权。     

基于DPSIR模型的土地生态安全评价研究——以广东省佛冈县为例

针对佛冈县的土地生态的实际状况,基于"驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应"(DPSIR)模型,构建土地生态安全评价指标体系,运用最优组合赋权法确定指标权重及土地生态安全综合评价模型对该区域进行评价。结果表明:1998—2008年佛冈县土地生态安全整体状况不断改善,生态安全综合指数从1998年的0.2567增至2008年的0.5858,生态安全水平处在从"风险级"状态转向"比较安全"状态的过程;从相关性分析来看,响应指标对土地生态安全水平的提高起主要的作用,但随着社会经济的加速发展,需要协调好各方面的矛盾,缓解资源环境的压力,使得土地生态环境朝着更好的方向迈进。     

The Impact of Hotel Social Events on Employee Satisfaction

ABSTRACT

Employee satisfaction is an important factor in the hospitality industry. This study offers a technique to gauge employee satisfaction and demonstrates its use in an actual setting. A case study of the Mercure Mirage Eilat Hotel evaluated employee's satisfaction, before and after organizational social event, revealing that satisfaction improved after the social event. The findings also demonstrate that the composition of satisfaction altered. Prior to the organizational activity, monetary compensation was of prime importance; following the organizational activity, social issues gained significant importance in forming employee satisfaction.     

基于博彩实证的前景理论价值函数分析

前景理论对赌博、保险行为的解释主要依赖于权重函数，而一些研究对权重函数及累积前景理论提出有力质疑，这表明问题的关键可能在于价值函数。为此，本文以福彩为实证研究对象，针对前景理论的相关理论逻辑，对价值函数的形态展开实证分析。实证研究的结果表明，价值函数曲线不是简单的S型，而是存在多次反转，类似于前景理论S型价值函数和Markowitz通用财富理论效用函数的一种混合结构，这意味着风险态度会随着损益额的增长而出现多次反转。