试析隐蔽课程

隐蔽课程以物质形态、精神形态、制度形态等多种形式存在,具有隐蔽性、广泛性、难预期性、持久性和易接受性等特点,对学生品德的发展起陶冶、导向、规范作用。研究隐蔽课程对德育具有重要意义。     

Numerical Maximisation of Likelihood: A Neglected Alternative to EM?

There is by now a long tradition of using the EM algorithm to find maximum‐likelihood estimates (MLEs) when the data are incomplete in any of a wide range of ways, even when the observed‐data likelihood can easily be evaluated and numerical maximisation of that likelihood is available as a conceptually simple route to the MLEs. It is rare in the literature to see numerical maximisation employed if EM is possible. But with excellent general‐purpose numerical optimisers now available free, there is no longer any reason, as a matter of course, to avoid direct numerical maximisation of likelihood. In this tutorial, I present seven examples of models in which numerical maximisation of likelihood appears to have some advantages over the use of EM as a route to MLEs. The mathematical and coding effort is minimal, as there is no need to derive and code the E and M steps, only a likelihood evaluator. In all the examples, the unconstrained optimiser nlm available in R is used, and transformations are used to impose constraints on parameters. I suggest therefore that the following question be asked of proposed new applications of EM: Can the MLEs be found more simply and directly by using a general‐purpose numerical optimiser?     

试论轨道交通工程安全质量隐患的排查治理

本文介绍了我国目前轨道交通工程的现状以及所发生的事故特点、隐患体系,并对如何建立起有效的排查预防机制进行一定的分析探讨。     

‘Hidden’ expatriates: international mobility in the United Arab Emirates as a challenge to current understanding of expatriation

Expatriates are often assumed to have enhanced terms and conditions and, because that makes them expensive, to be in key managerial or technical specialist roles. Employees who come from abroad and are in more manual or even menial roles are usually referred to as ‘migrants’. However, there are millions of people around the world who are not migrants, their intended sojourn in a foreign country is seen by them and their employers as temporary, but their employment contracts are far from advantageous compared with those of locals. These ‘hidden’ expatriates are brought into focus in the emerging Arab Gulf States. In some of these countries, the population consists mainly of expatriates, with the local population a small minority: These expatriates include many in lower‐management or manual or menial jobs. We demarcate these expatriates from organisationally assigned expatriates, self‐initiated expatriates and migrants. We use qualitative data from such expatriates in the United Arab Emirates to explore the issues this raises for governments, employers and the expatriates – and for our understanding of the phenomenon of expatriation.     

战略性新兴产业民营企业创新动力评测与比较分析--纳入隐性制度安排视角

考虑到存在隐性制度安排视角下,企业创新动力评价指标多为定性指标和定量指标共同组成,且大多指标取值具有模糊不确定性的特征,本文基于模糊数学理论构造了民营企业创新动力多维关系矩阵,在此基础上,结合2005～2007年战略性新兴产业民营企业数据,运用模糊综合评价法建立民营企业创新动力模糊评价模型,从一个全新的角度检验了隐性制度安排对民营企业创新动力的影响程度和渠道。结果显示,中国战略性新兴产业民营企业创新动力水平呈现出区域非均衡性分布,制度环境特别是隐性制度环境在中国战略性新兴产业民营企业创新动力的生成和发展过程中扮演着关键的角色。在此基础上,为优化制度环境,本文提出了加强对政策性金融工具的监督,加强监督机制,完善政府采购法律法规,使政府采购公平公正,严格减免税批准审核机制的政策建议。     

测绘技术在司法鉴定中应用的探讨

本文对司法鉴定进行了介绍,并探讨了现阶段测绘技术在司法鉴定中的应用,针对现阶段测量技术在司法鉴定的实际应用中产生的若干难点问题进行汇总并提出相应的解决办法。测绘技术与司法鉴定具有互通性的领域很多,其中涉及到长度、面积、土方量、变形量等,本文以实际工程中土方量计算为例说明了测绘技术的具体应用。同时,现代测绘技术将朝着高科技、自动化、实时化和数字化方向发展,并随着我国经济发展,司法鉴定内容的更加丰富,更多的参与到司法鉴定活动中。     

隐形冠军发展天花板的多元化突破——从“安索夫矩阵”得到的启示

隐形冠军企业在成立初期依靠准确的市场定位和高度专业化在某一细分市场中占有绝对的领导地位。但随着市场透明度的提高,产品生命周期的缩短,隐形冠军面临愈发激烈的竞争,其发展空间受到压制。依据"安索夫矩阵"中企业多元化发展战略,隐形冠军只有培养自身核心能力,执行行业跨度小的相关多元化战略,开发市场前景广阔的产品,才能实现成功突围。     

现代职业大学的“校力”建设——以福建商业高等专科学校“校力”建设为例

高校的“校力”建设是一个高校内在核心力与凝聚力、外在影响力与辐射力的综合体现。“校力”建设包含一所大学所应具有的“硬实力、软实力、隐实力和巧实力”。高校先进的办学理念、科学的发展定位、雄厚的人才资源、一流的学科专业、完善的教学管理、高效的运行机制、先进的校园文化等，是高校“实力”的基本建设要素。     

浅析当前我国女性隐性就业歧视的现状与对策

女性就业中面临的性别歧视问题已经不再是一个简单的道德观念问题,而是一个关乎社会和谐的社会问题,是女性的社会价值问题。倡导中国社会的健康和谐发展,要着力把消除女性就业中的性别歧视当做女性解放事业中的一项大事来抓。     

谈项目火灾防治

当前,企业安全管理的任务很重,项目现场的生产安全隐患经常出现.文章结合广西晟力装饰工程有限公司的实际情况,提出了项目火灾常见的隐患及防治措施.