岸电电源技术及标准化实例

港口区域的环境影响备受关注．目前．政府、港务管理局和船东已经开发出不同的解决方案．实现船舶在港口作业的节能减排。其中一套解决方案已经得到确认，即停靠在港口的船舶与岸上供电相连接．使用岸上电网的电力驱动船舶的基础设施运转．该基础设施包括船员和乘客所使用的设施，也包括用于货物装卸的设施．     

Economic Incentives,Business Cycles,and Long‐Term Sickness Absence

We investigate long‐term absenteeism in Norway, on the basis of register data covering 8 years and more than two million absence spells. Key findings are that: (1) a tighter labor market yields lower work resumption rates for persons who are absent, and higher relapse rates for persons who have already resumed work; and (2) the work resumption rates increase when sickness benefits are exhausted, but work resumptions at this stage tend to be short‐lived.     

Pay Policies of Firms and Collective Wage Contracts—An Uneasy Partnership?

Theoretical considerations suggest that firms establish consistent internal wage structures and pay wage premiums of similar size across occupational groups. Strong evidence for the existence of coherent employer pay policies across occupations is found using a German employer–employee data set. However, firm‐specific elements of wage policies are less prevalent in firms applying industry‐level collective contracts than in firms with individual‐level wage contracts.     

Changing Supply Elasticities and Regional Housing Booms

Developments in U.S. house prices over the past decade mirror those of the 1996–2006 boom. Construction activity has, however, been weak. Using data for 254 U.S. metropolitan areas, we show that housing supply elasticities have fallen markedly in recent years. We find that housing supply elasticities have declined more in areas in which land-use regulation has tightened the most, and in areas that experienced the sharpest housing busts. Consistent with the declining housing supply elasticities, we find that monetary policy shocks have had a stronger effect on house prices during the past decade than during the previous boom. At the same time, building permits respond less.