Earnings Management and Analyst Following: A Simultaneous Equations Analysis

We use a simultaneous equations system to examine the relationship between earnings management and analyst following. We find that analysts’ decisions to follow firms and managerial decisions to manage earnings are jointly determined. Firms with lower levels of accrual‐based earnings management offer a better information environment to attract analyst following. Analyst following, in turn, has important monitoring effects on managerial behavior and results in lower levels of both accrual‐based and real earnings management. The information intermediary effect on analyst following is much weaker for expected “suspect firms” that manage their earnings continuously.     

Tax avoidance,tax management and corporate social responsibility

This study examines the effect of three measures of corporate social responsibility (CSR) — corporate governance, community and diversity on tax avoidance in firms that use auditor‐provided tax services. This is one of the first studies, to our knowledge, to empirically relate tax avoidance, tax management and CSR literature. By separating the strengths and concerns for each CSR measure, we are able to analyze the effects of a firm's negative and positive social actions on tax avoidance. We find that the interaction of community concerns with tax management fees positively affects both GAAP and Cash ETR, while the interaction of corporate governance strengths and diversity concerns with tax management fees negatively affects Cash ETR. Our results are similar when we use Excess ETR that is not explained by firm specifics. We find additional evidence that CSR affects tax avoidance when we divide firms into portfolios based on CSR levels. Our findings suggest that future studies on tax avoidance and tax management should incorporate CSR.     

Corporate Governance,Tax Avoidance,and Financial Constraints

We examine how corporate governance affects the relationship between corporate tax avoidance and financial constraints. Conditional on having poor governance, tax avoidance is associated with greater financial constraints and a greater likelihood of financial distress. In firms with strong governance, however, we find that tax avoidance does not have a negative impact on financial constraints. Our results suggest that tax avoidance is a less useful source of financing for constrained firms when they are plagued with potential agency problems and opaque information environments. Stronger governance mechanisms can help firms mitigate the negative consequences of tax avoidance.     

Is there a J-curve for Azerbaijan? New evidence from industry-level analysis

This paper estimates the J-curve for Azerbaijan using quarterly industry-level data over the 2000–2009 period. Empirical results show that in 3 of the 10 strategic industries there is strong evidence for the fulfilment of the Marshall–Lerner condition, as the trade balance improves in the long run in reaction to a currency devaluation. In most industries the J-curve pattern is observed in the short run. All 10 cases exhibit long-run cointegration and are stable according to the CUSUM and CUSUMSQ stability tests. These findings are largely consistent with the existing literature on the Azerbaijani J-curve and carry important policy implications.     

Bank earnings management and analyst coverage: evidence from loan loss provisions

Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting - We investigate whether there are information transfers related to the narratives accompanying earnings announcements in the same way there are for...     

Impulse buying： An Iranian model

According a model that presenting from Beatty and Ferrell tested with data drawn at one point in time （post shopping interviews） from 20 small shopping in Tehran, Iran. Analysis of data utilizing LISREL 8.5 is supporting all hypotheses, but some of them have negative effect like impulse buying tendency to in store browsing or from money available to impulse buying. Situational variables （time available and money available） were found to influence endogenous variable like positive and negative effect, in store browsing, urge to buy impulsivity and impulse buying. But it is interesting that impulse buying tendency were found to direct effect on impulse buying, like finding Beatty and Ferrell in 1998.     

Analyzing of Investment Strategies of Local Companies in Azerbaijan： Problems and Solutions

For businesses to be viable nowadays they must be able to invest successfully. Globalization insists that businesses track new innovations and remain open to the idea of change. In addition, businesses need to stay informed of new technological trends, retain the shareholders they already have, and be ready to invest in innovative technologies when they are introduced. Through these strategies, businesses can be competitive in the marketplace. Short- and long-term planning is necessary to identify the direction of both investments and new projects and project ideas. Two major obstacles to implementing these pre-planned strategies are insufficient in-house resources and lack of access to loans. Companies need to be realistic about what they are capable of and make sure that all new ventures tie into the existing capabilities instead of risking starting a product or service unrelated to the existing business. Projects that are undertaken must be thoroughly researched as alternative options in case the need arises to change direction. Companies should be prepared with a plan and be prepared to move to a secondary plan if the first plan meets with obstacles. In this way, companies can be well informed, prepared, and still versatile enough to meet the needs of the globalized competitive market. A proposed article describes details of the theoretical part of the business investment strategy. The themes of the research are mainly about identification of economical perspectives of the investment, type of investment, identification of investment strategy overview, and its components as well as forming of investment strategy stages. Afterwards, in proposed investigation taken place analyzing of investment risks that might be faced by companies focusing on business investment and their investment capacity based on exist strategy. Research methodology included survey, interview, and critical literature. At the end of research work, it provided expected results of the development of the investment strategy of local companies situated in Azerbaijan.     

Incorporating biometric data in models of consumer choice

The use of neuro-physiological data in models of consumer choice is gaining popularity. This article presents some of the benefits of using psycho-physiological data in analyzing consumer valuation and choice. Eye-tracking, facial expressions, and electroencephalography (EEG) data were used to construct three non-conventional choice models, namely, eye-tracking, emotion and brain model. The predictive performance of the non-conventional models was compared to a baseline model, which was based entirely on conventional data. While the emotion and brain models proved to be as good as conventional data in explaining and predicting consumer choice, the eye-tracking model generated superior predictions. Moreover, we document a significant increase in predictive power when biometric data from different sources were combined into a mixed model. Finally, we utilize a machine learning technique to sparse the data and enhance out-of-sample prediction, thus showcasing the compatibility of biometric data with well-established statistical and econometric methods.