Monetary Policy Transmission with Interbank Market Fragmentation

This paper shows how interbank market fragmentation disrupts the transmission of monetary policy. Fragmentation is the fact that banks, depending on their country of location, have different probabilities of default on their interbank borrowings. Once fragmentation is introduced into standard theoretical models of monetary policy implementation, excess liquidity arises endogenously. This leads short-term interest rates to depart from the central bank policy rates. Using data on monetary policy operations, I show that this mechanism has been at work in the euro area since 2008. The model is used to analyze conventional and unconventional monetary policy measures.     

Attributes of articles impacting contemporary accounting literature*

Abstract. This paper describes and analyzes four attribute dimensions that have impacted contemporary accounting literature (CAL) between 1976 and 1984, and develops a model that predicts attribute levels in 1985 and 1986. The attribute dimensions studied are: accounting area, research method, school of thought, and geographical focus. Publication counts and citation analyses are performed on a data set of 1,110 accounting articles. The results suggest that linear trends exist over time in the publication and citation measures of selected attributes of accounting papers; that new or emerging attribute areas are more likely to be influential than are papers published in established areas; and that it is easier to predict the relative influence of publications that will exhibit certain attributes than it is to predict the number of papers that will be published with these attributes. Résumé. Les auteurs décrivent et analysent quatre aspects de préoccupation qui ont eu des répercussions sur les publications contemporaines en comptabilité entre 1976 et 1984 et créent un modèle permettant de prévoir les niveaux de préoccupation des années 1985 et 1986. Les aspects de préoccupation faisant l'objet de l'étude sont les suivants: le domaine comptable, les méthodes de recherche, les écoles de pensée et l'optique géographique. Les auteurs precèdent au dénombrement des publications et à l'analyse des citations sur un corpus de 1110 articles comptables. Les résultats donnent à penser qu'il existe des tendances linéaires, dans le temps, dans les mesures des publications et des citations relatives à des préoccupations choisies dans les articles comptables; que les publications dans des domaines de préoccupation nouveaux ou en émergence sont plus susceptibles d'influencer que ne le sont les publications dans des domaines établis; et qu'il est plus facile de prédire l'influence relative des publications portant sur certaines préoccupations qu'il ne l'est de prédire le nombre de documents qui seront publiés relativement à ces préoccupations.     

A Dilemma between Liquidity Regulation and Monetary Policy: Some History and Theory

History suggests a conflict between current Basel III liquidity ratios and monetary policy, which we call the liquidity regulation dilemma. Although forgotten, liquidity ratios, named “securities-reserve requirements,” were widely used historically, but for monetary policy (not regulatory) reasons, as central bankers recognized the contractionary effects of these ratios. We build a model rationalizing historical policies: a tighter ratio reduces the quantity of assets that banks can pledge as collateral, thus increasing interest rates. Tighter liquidity regulation paradoxically increases the need for central bank's interventions. Liquidity ratios were also used to keep yields on government bonds low when monetary policy tightened.