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排序方式: 共有390条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Axel Krohn 《国际破产评论》2021,30(1):75-95
This article identifies one aspect of the cross‐class cram‐down from the EU Directive on restructuring and insolvency that has not drawn wide attention to date. In addition to giving EU Member States the option of a “relative priority rule,” the European legislator has introduced a new “best interest of creditors” test, which does not—like in Chapter 11 of the US Bankruptcy Code—use the value that a party could expect in a hypothetical liquidation as a comparator but refers to the “next‐best‐alternative scenario.” First, this article addresses the concepts of the absolute and relative priority rule from the Directive and explores the motives for introducing the relative priority rule. In particular, a demand for more flexibility in restructuring negotiations, the call for an instrument to overcome structural hold‐out positions of preferential (priority) creditors in some Member States, as well as a trend in Europe to break with the “traditional laws of insolvency law” of law and economics seem to have inspired the legislator in drawing up the relative priority rule. This article then deals with the new “best interest” test and examines its interaction with the relative priority rule. It is shown that the concept of combining the new “best interest” test with the relative priority rule is coherent in theory. However, this article remains skeptical as to whether this interaction can succeed in practice, as the new “best interest” test is likely to add another stress point to the negotiations of restructuring plans. 相似文献
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This article contributes to the literature examining how stress during the early stages of life impacts later-life health using a novel proxy for stress: risk of military induction during the Vietnam War. The article estimates that an increase in induction risk in young adulthood is associated with higher rates of obesity, endocrine disease, and hypertension later in life. These findings do not appear to be cohort effects; these associations exist only for men who did not serve in the war, not for same-aged women. These results suggest stress experienced during early adulthood can have adverse health consequences later in life. 相似文献
4.
Surplus liquidity,central bank losses and the use of reserve requirements in emerging markets 下载免费PDF全文
Since the turn of the millennium, stocks of foreign reserves held by central banks in many emerging markets and developing countries have exceeded currency in circulation. To steer money market rates, these central banks have been absorbing liquidity from, rather than providing it to, the banking sector in their regular monetary policy operations. When interest rates in countries with major reserve currencies are low, the yield on foreign reserves is low. A higher interest rate on liquidity‐absorbing operations may expose central banks to losses. Although a central bank is not a profit‐maximizing institution, central bank losses can undermine the independence of the central bank. Using data for a large panel of central banks, this paper provides some evidence that central banks tend to apply low‐remunerated reserve requirements when profitability is at stake. 相似文献
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Axel Berger Tobias Schlager David E. Sprott Andreas Herrmann 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2018,46(4):652-673
Firms increasingly use games to interact with their customers. Yet, surprisingly little is known about whether, when, and how such “gamified” interactions engage consumers with a firm’s brand, thereby facilitating self–brand connections. Building on flow theory, we show that gamified interactions that are highly interactive and optimally challenging facilitate self–brand connections, because such games lead to emotional and cognitive brand engagement. A field study and three experiments across various product domains and game designs support our theory. We also identify conditions under which consumers do not become engaged with a brand, namely when firms restrict their decisional control either to voluntarily participate in the game (i.e., compulsory play) or to spend as much time as desired playing the game (i.e., time pressure). Our findings advance existing knowledge about the use of games in marketing and provide important implications for how marketers can harness their potential to build self–brand connections. 相似文献
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The EU and the African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP) are presently renegotiating
their trade relations. Behind these negotiations are the fundamental conflict between
the existing arrangement and multilateral trade rules, the frustration regarding poor ACP
trade performance, the ineffectiveness of trade and trade-related ACP policies, and the
inefficiency of corresponding EU assistance. This article highlights the fundamentals of
the envisaged Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) between the EU and the ACP
countries, sums up previous estimates of their probable economic impact, discusses
policy options for ACP countries and sheds light on basic prerequisites, particularly on
institutional conditions, that should be fulfilled to ensure the success of EPAs. 相似文献
9.
The economic partnership agreements (EPAs) to be negotiated between the European Union and six different ACP regions under
the Cotonou Agreement are intended to be in conformity with WTO rules, i.e. satisfy GATT Article XXIV and GATS Article V.
To what extent is this realistic? What would be the effects on the ACP countries?
This article summarises the following study: A. Borrmann, H. Gro?mann, and G. Koopmann: The WTO Compatibility of the Economic Partnership Agreement between the EU and the ACP States, Study on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Eschborn 2005, http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/enwto-epa-acp-2005.pdf. 相似文献
This article summarises the following study: A. Borrmann, H. Gro?mann, and G. Koopmann: The WTO Compatibility of the Economic Partnership Agreement between the EU and the ACP States, Study on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Eschborn 2005, http://www.gtz.de/de/dokumente/enwto-epa-acp-2005.pdf. 相似文献
10.
Cross hedging price risk in an incomplete financial market creates basis risk. We propose a new way of modeling basis risk where price risk and basis risk are combined in a multiplicative way. Under this specification, positive prudence is a necessary and sufficient condition for underhedging in an unbiased market. Using the example of cross hedging jet fuel price risk with crude oil futures, we show that the new specification is superior in describing the price series and that optimal cross hedges differ significantly from those derived under the traditional additive cross hedging model. 相似文献