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The authors argue that it is possible to partly automate the process of abstract control of fairness of clauses in online consumer contracts. The authors present a theoretical and empirical argument for this claim, including a brief presentation of the software they have designed. This type of automation would not replace human lawyers but would assist them and make their work more effective and efficient. Policy makers should direct their attention to the potential of using algorithmic techniques in enforcing the law regarding unfair contractual terms, and to facilitating research on and ultimately implementing such technologies. 相似文献
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Arminda M. Finisterra do Pa?o Jo?o Matos Ferreira M��rio Raposo Ricardo Gouveia Rodrigues Anabela Dinis 《Journal of International Entrepreneurship》2011,9(1):20-38
This paper aims to identify some factors that may be explaining differences among secondary students in start-up intentions.
For that, the study develops an entrepreneurial intention model sustained by the use of Azjen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour
(TBP). Using a sample of students aged between 14 and 15 years old, a questionnaire based on the Li?án and Chen’s Entrepreneurial
Intention Questionnaire was administrated. The purpose is to test a model of entrepreneurial intention using structural equations.
The findings point that TPB is an appropriate tool to model the development of entrepreneurial intention through pedagogical
processes and learning contexts. The education and training should centre itself much more in changing personal attitudes
than in knowledge. Moreover, it is desirable that an entrepreneurship educational programme could contribute to the development
of competences related to entrepreneurship, social and civic skills, and cultural awareness. 相似文献
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Towards sustainable rural development in Central and Eastern Europe: Applying land consolidation 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Over the past twenty years, social and economic decline in rural areas has intensified in the Central and Eastern European countries. A precondition for the reversal of this decline is the implementation of new policies in relation to the fundamentals of land ownership and management. In addition to addressing the problems of land ownership fragmentation, these should include measures to improve agricultural production and employment, taxation policy, and legislation to protect land ownership rights, within the context of acknowledging environmental and sustainability considerations. In Europe, the requirement for readjusting unfavourable land fragmentation and promoting the appropriate use of land combining with positive environmental solutions is expected to create new sustainable land management systems. The consolidation of land ownerships may be an effective and active land management instrument which not only addresses the problems of land fragmentation, but also, if applied sensitively, may be an instrument for delivering sustainable rural development in a wider context. The aim of this research is to investigate land consolidation as an essential tool to create sustainable rural areas in Lithuania. 相似文献
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Mário Lino Barata Raposo João J. Matos Ferreira Arminda M. Finisterra do Paço Ricardo J. A. Gouveia Rodrigues 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2008,4(4):485-504
The identification of the entrepreneurs’ characteristics and the knowledge of the entrepreneurial profile of university students
have been assuming a growing importance in the development of educational programs directed towards the entrepreneurship and
start-up processes. This study aims to identify the factors that most contribute for the intention to start up a business.
The research also tries to identify the profile of a potential entrepreneur student concerning several characteristics: personal
attributes, family, demographic variables and motivations. Research findings include the idea that entrepreneurship education
is the most relevant factor in what concerns the propensity to business creation. On the other side, personal characteristics
have an important role in shaping motivation to start-up a business and perceived hurdles have a negative impact in the intention
to start-up. The results may be relevant when developing an adequate educational program directed to the entrepreneurship
education and start-up processes. 相似文献
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Arminda Paço Ricardo Gouveia Rodrigues 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2016,40(4):466-474
The growing importance of environmentalism trends have led to a significant rise in environmentally friendly consumers’ attitudes and behaviours who thereby demonstrate their collective strength through both their individual buying decisions and their involvement in social movements, as is the case of the environmental activism. This activism extends to include a set of environmental behaviours spanning environmental group membership, involvement in political action and/or in environmental organisations, influencing policy or management decisions and engaging in pro‐environmental protection behaviours. The more citizens become aware of their own role in the problem of environmental degradation, the more willing they prove to become part of the solution. High levels of individual Perceived Environmental Responsibility (PER) may foster the more environmentally friendly attitudes and behaviours that lead to Environmental Activism (EA). Thus, the purpose of this research is precisely to discuss the relationship between PER and EA, and whether gender proves a significant factor in predicting PER and EA. For a sample of Portuguese consumers, who consented to participating in the research, we studied the predisposition towards EA by applying a questionnaire administered in the form of a personal interview. The results indicate that despite the perceived environmental responsibility observed, individuals present only low levels of environmental activism and civic participation in environmental causes. However, for the small percentage of individuals belonging to an environmental organisation, we do verify that EA ran higher among those reporting Environmental Group Membership (EGM). We additionally observe how PER might prove a predictor of EA even though the model applied to test this relationship only explained a small proportion of the variance in EA levels and hence requiring further research into the factors influencing EA. As regard gender, while women display similar levels of EA to men, they also report significantly higher PER than men. 相似文献
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Arminda M. Finisterra do Paço Mário Lino Barata Raposo 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2010,34(4):429-436
Concern with environmental degradation has led to a new segment of consumers: the green or ecological consumers. Marketers must pay special attention to the needs of this segment. The growing concern with the environment, increased competition and greater selectiveness and demands of consumers represent an immediate challenge for green marketing. This paper aims to identify distinct market segments based on several environmental variables. It also investigates individuals' behaviours and perceptions about green consumerism. The used methodology was the collection of primary information through a direct survey. The study covered 887 Portuguese consumers, aged over 18. The results show that certain environmental and demographic variables are significant in differentiating between the ‘greener’ consumer group and the other segments. Portuguese consumers, despite their support for policies designed to improve the environment, do not always translate their concerns into environmentally friendly actions. Possible implications of these results for firms' marketing strategies are also discussed. 相似文献