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Eli?FeinermanEmail author Marinus?H.?C.?Komen 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2005,32(3):367-388
The paper focuses on farm-level nitrogen fertilization strategies of Dutch arable farmers for analyzing the substitution of
organic fertilizers (manure) with chemical fertilizers. The model developed investigates the impact of the major parameters
affecting the inferiority of manure compared with chemical fertilizers, including the low availability and non-uniformity
of the nitrogen in manure, and the low level and high non-uniformity of plant-available nitrogen supplied via manure. The
sensitivity of the optimal fertilization decisions and its associated environmental impact to product price, manure cost,
and environmental tax is also examined. The theoretical analysis is applied to a representative Dutch grower of ware potatoes
in the northern part of the Netherlands. The results suggest that in the absence of a subsidy the representative farmer will
prefer to apply nitrogen only via chemical fertilizers. 相似文献
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In this paper the environmental and economic effects of the introduction of a unilateral energy tax in the Netherlands are analysed using an applied general equilibrium (AGE) model. The effects of a small user energy tax and a general energy tax are compared, while taking into account different tax recycling mechanisms. The model contains a great level of detail with respect to emissions and environmental indicators (greenhouse effect, acidification, eutrophication and waste), which is helpful for assessing environmental quality. The results show that the introduction of a small environmental tax reform not only improves the environment but also raises non-environmental welfare, which is due to an improvement of the efficiency of the tax structure. 相似文献
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The new Rural Development Regulation of the EU reflects the shift of attention within rural areas from agricultural production towards rural development and embraces both farmers and non‐farm residents. While agricultural production is required to comply with environmental standards, rural areas also have to fulfil the growing demand for landscape, outdoor recreation and wildlife conservation. This paper develops a model of a rural area where farmers and non‐farm residents live together. A central government uses a combination of two‐policy instruments ‐ direct compensation payments and public services ‐ aimed at encouraging farmers to adopt environmentally beneficial practices and at the same time to increase the provision of countryside amenities and the sustained vitality of the rural area. The optimal mix of the policy instruments is evaluated under various governmental objectives. The analysis suggests that a combination of direct payments to farmers with the supply of local public services is a promising tool for rural policy development initiatives in the EU. 相似文献
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