我国粮食产后损失情况概述

本文系统分析了粮食产后各环节损失的原因及损失量,针对相关粮食损失原因及状况,提出了减少粮食产后损失的措施及建议,以期为我国实现节粮减损提供支持。     

对我国上市银行非经常性损益披露的分析和建议

本文通过分析2001至2004年上市银行年报非经常性损益的披露状况,对照监管部门法规,发现存在披露不充分的现象,对非经常性损益的确认也有理解偏颇,由此造成很多重大的可疑事项未计入非经常性损益。本文认为这对银行利润的真实性产生一定的影响,故建议政策制定者制定更详细的法规来规范披露行为,并就一些特殊事项做出释疑。     

非经常性损益对沪市上市公司财务业绩影响研究

文章通过非经常性损益、各非经常性损益项目对上市公司财务的整体影响以及对各非经常性损益项目对公司财务业绩的具体影响三个层次的分析,发现上市公司通过主营业务经营所获得的收益仍然是构成2003年财务业绩的主要来源,并且有继续向好的趋势;其整体业绩并未因非经常性损益的原因而导致质量低下。但同时数据也表明,部分上市公司利用各非经常性损益项目进行利润调节的现象仍然较为严重,对微利公司和 T族公司尤为如此。文章也对非经常性损益项目的构成进行了分析,揭示出了2003年度上市公司利用非经常性损益来调节利润的主要手段。此外,文章对目前有关部门对非经济性损益的相关规定进行了剖析,揭示出其存在的不足之处,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

八项计提与公司盈余管理的实证研究

本文以2001-2003年亏损上市公司作为样本,研究亏损公司如何利用八项计提进行盈余管理。实证结果发现扭亏公司在扭亏前一年多计提减值准备,而在扭亏当年大额冲销减值准备的现象。扣除减值准备的影响,扭亏公司中将有72%样本不能扭亏。     

论债务重组及其会计处理

现阶段,债权、债务纠纷已成为困扰我国企业发展的一大障碍.债务重组是解决债权人和债务人之问债权、债务关系的主要手段.债务重组是指在债务人发生财务困难的条件下,债权人按照其与债务人达成的协议或法院裁定作出"让步"的事项.文章分析了债务重组的特征和基本方式,并举例阐述了债务重组对债权人、债务人双方财务的影响.     

Information Content of Earnings and Earnings Components of Commercial Banks: Impact of SFAS No. 115

SFAS No. 115 modified classification of debt and equity securities held by firms and also modified the reporting format for unrealised gains/losses on security transactions (URGL). This study investigates whether implementation of SFAS No. 115 improved information content of earnings and earnings components of commercial banks. Improvement in the information content is measured by comparing the association between equity returns and earnings and earnings components of the post-adoption period of SFAS No. 115 with the pre-adoption period.The test results indicate that the association of equity returns with earnings components and aggregate earnings is significantly stronger in the post-adoption period compared to the pre-adoption period. The improvement is especially evident for the components of URGL and non-interest revenues. These results suggest that information provided by earnings components is considered more value relevant for investment decision after implementation of SFAS No. 115. Findings on non-interest revenues indicate that revenues from banking activities other than lending also play an important role in the commercial banks' profitability.     

Do central banks lose on foreign-exchange intervention? A review article

Estimates of central bank intervention losses or profits vary widely; some estimates find substantial losses, others profits. In most cases, estimated profits are not risk-adjusted, and risk adjustment can have large effects. Furthermore, profit estimates involve variables integrated of order one, and because of this test-statistics may have nonstandard distributions; few studies take this into account. Estimates of risk-adjusted profits for the US Fed and the Swedish Riksbank, with allowances for possible nonstandard distributions, suggest that neither made losses and might have made significant profits.     

Why is credit-to-GDP a good measure for setting countercyclical capital buffers?

We examine banks’ loan losses in Europe in 1982–2012 using a nonlinear three-factor model that takes into account output growth, real interest rate, and the ratio of private credit to GDP relative to its trend (i.e., “excessive indebtedness”). We find that a drop in output has an intensified impact on loan losses if the private sector is excessively indebted. Because increased bank credit risk should be matched with higher bank capital, the result motivates the Basel III's countercyclical capital buffers as a function of private indebtedness relative to its trend. The result also helps to explain differences in the amount of loan losses in different recessions across time and across countries. The model also indicates that low interest rates during the recent recession have clearly mitigated loan losses.     

Why Have Corporate Tax Revenues Declined? Another Look

The relative constancy of non-financial corporate tax revenuesas a share of US GDP masks offsetting trends in the ratio ofcorporate profits to GDP (declining) and the average tax rate(increasing). The average tax rate rose steadily between 1996and 2003, an increase largely attributable to the importanceof tax losses. This rise casts some doubt on the role of taxplanning activities in reducing corporate taxes. So, too, doesthe relative stability of the rate of profit (relative to netassets), which might be expected to have declined had the understatementof profits for tax purposes been increasing. (JEL code: H25,G32)     

玉米产后流通中减损降耗需重点关注的两个环节

玉米是我国主要粮食品种,在不断提高产量的同时,研究减少玉米产后损失,降低粮食损耗和流通成本,对于确保粮食安全和提高玉米原粮品质具有重要的作用。