Strategic Internet application trends in supply chain management

The Internet is evolving as a powerful force in the new marketplace where the nexus of competition has changed from individual firms to efficient supply chain networks both between firms and within industries. This study explores Internet adoption patterns and operational applications in US supply chain networks. The data reveal that the integration of the Internet into supply chain management applications has increased and has moved away from indiscriminate application of novel Internet technologies towards becoming a focused endeavor with precise expectations and measurable goals. Specifically, the study finds that Internet usage within supply chains is maturing as evidenced by enhanced and increased productivity, reduced costs and increased profit for participating firms.     

Improving interchanges in China: the experiential phenomenon

This paper examines the development of multimodal passenger rail hubs as part of the high-speed rail (HSR) network in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The instrumental, attitudinal and affective experience of the journey through the interchange is assessed from the user perspective. Surveys are used from three HSR stations: Beijing South, Chengdu East and Suzhou North (N = 150), representing three types of HSR stations, i.e. national capital, regional capital and sub-regional city. ‘Expected’ and ‘realised’ facilities are compared – with the difference representing the ‘disgruntlement’ factor (after Stradling et al., 2007).The unprecedented urbanisation process currently being witnessed in the PRC, together with the rapid development of the HSR network and associated multimodal interchanges, offers much opportunity to develop a leading-edge public transport system and urban development predicated on the use of public transport. Although the importance of intermodal interchange hubs is being increasingly recognised, the journey experience through the interchange often remains poor, with problems including Wi-Fi availability, waiting and seating, the availability of door-to-door ticketing, crowdedness, access to the hub, time of travel through and waiting in the hub. MANOVA analysis and factorial (three way) MANOVA analysis are used to explore the differences between intermodal hubs, with many instrumental and particularly attitudinal and affective factors being significantly influenced by location.     

双旋Y切石英振子模式交替性的分析与研讨

<正> 互惠是利益和特权的相互让与,是两国之间确立起商务关系的一个基础。互惠原则是关税与贸易总协定的重要原则之一。在总协定文本的前言中,对总协定的宗旨和目的,就明确规定缔约各国政府“切望达成互惠互利协议,导致大幅度地削减关税和其他贸易障碍,取消国际贸易中的岐视待遇,以对上述目的作出贡献”。总协定的互惠原则的规定,还可见诸于第二十八条附加的《关税谈判》第一款。该款规定:“缔约各国应在互惠互利基础上进行谈判,以大幅度降低关税和进出口其他费用的一般水平,特别是降低那些使少量进口都受到阻碍的高关税,并在谈判中适当注意本协定的     

EDI Adoption in New Zealand Firms

Abstract

Firms that have adopted Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) in their channel relationships are studied, with specific attention paid to the different roles that firms play in the EDI adoption process. Relationships are assessed by distinguishing between firms that adopted the technology in a proactive rather than a reactive role. The Political Economy Framework is used to provide a theoretical model to develop hypotheses about the factors that influence the adoption process for individual firms. A logistic regression model is employed to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that a number of organisational, environmental, as well as inter-organisational variables influence the different roles that firms play in the adoption process.     

沪杭客专下穿莘庄立交改造公路桥方案研究

根据莘庄立交桥墩与既有、规划铁路的现状关系,提出了改换墩型和旋转桥墩两种方案,以解决既有桥下限界不足的难题;同时确保既有立交桥交通的正常运营。     

基于普定某互通立交桥的施工技术研究

随着我国经济的快速发展,人民生活水平也不断提高,整个社会对交通等基础设施的建设要求越来越高,尤其是对于桥梁的建设需求也在日益增加,其中互通式立交桥在桥梁应用中可以称为一种典范。本篇论文结合普定某互通立交桥施工设计实例,通过分析互通立交桥的概况和初步设计执行情况,对桥梁的设计和施工技术要点进行分析研究,最后总结出相应的结论和建议。     

银行卡产业运作机制及其产业规制问题研究——基于双边市场理论视角

银行卡产业近来受到来自理论界和政府部门的广泛关注。本文基于双边市场理论对银行卡产业的运作机制进行分析。研究表明:银行卡产业是个典型的双边市场,交换费和价格结构是银行卡产业市场正常运转的关键因素。文章对由银行卡产业的“特殊性”而带来的产业规制问题进行了评析,由此得出一些结论和对我国银行卡产业发展有益的启示。     

The choice at the checkout: Quantifying demand across payment instruments

Dramatic changes have occurred in the U.S. payment system over the past two decades, most notably an explosion in electronic card-based payments. This shift has led to a series of policy debates driven in part by consumers' choice of payment instruments. Using a new nationally representative survey, we transform consumer responses to open-ended questions into product rankings and estimate a characteristics-based rank-order logit model in order to quantify consumer substitution among payment methods. Our estimates are then used to conduct supply-driven and demand-driven counterfactual experiments in order to estimate market share and cost effects. From a counterfactual experiment in which merchants stop accepting credit cards, we predict merchant costs to decline substantially. Because merchants accept credit cards nonetheless, we regard our finding as evidence either that the credit card networks hold market power, or that merchants experience unmeasured intangible benefits from credit card acceptance. We also predict that contactless debit will take market share from cash, checks, and credit, and that the age/cohort effect alone is unlikely to cause debit card use to increase substantially over a 10-year period.     

INTERCHANGE FEES IN PAYMENT CARD SYSTEMS: A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE

Abstract This paper surveys the recent literature about interchange fees in payment card systems. Interchange fees are used by payment platforms to allocate the total cost of a payment card transaction between the cardholder's bank, the issuer, and the merchant's bank, the acquirer. Each time a consumer pays by card, its bank receives an interchange fee from the merchants' bank. Banks argue that interchange fees are needed to encourage the use of electronic payment instruments, whereas merchants claim that they artificially inflate the cost of accepting cards. This paper sheds light on the ongoing debate that opposes banks to the regulatory institutions or the competition authorities in various countries, by reviewing the theoretical results of the literature and highlighting some unanswered issues.     

Stakeholder perspectives on the current and future roles of UK bus-based Park and Ride

UK bus-based Park and Ride (P&R) has increased significantly in popularity over the past 40 years although there are doubts over its role in reducing car use. This paper presents the findings from interviews with eight key stakeholders involved in UK P&R, which sought to provide insights into the popularity of P&R, particularly at the local government level, its success, and how the concept of P&R can be developed in the future to improve its role in reducing car use whilst maintaining its popularity. It is suggested that there are a range of goals for the use of P&R which extend beyond traffic reduction. It is discussed how there may be potential to develop the concept, particularly by decentralising P&R sites and developing their role as interchanges for public transport.