Are international environmental policies effective? The case of the Rotterdam and the Stockholm Conventions

This is the first paper to show that participation in an international environmental agreement has some effectiveness. Our identification strategy consists of applying difference-in-differences techniques in a panel data framework to various levels of data aggregation. We find that ratification of the Rotterdam Convention (RC) and the Stockholm Convention (SC) leads to a reduction in trade of hazardous substances from OECD to non-OECD countries. In particular, we find that when the exporter ratifies the RC, there is a reduction in the import of hazardous chemicals of about 7 percent. In the case of the SC, the results show significant reductions of around 16 percent in trade shipments of persistent organic pollutants. This reduction is more than double the effect found for the RC, which was expected due to a more restricted obligation imposed by the SC convention.     

基于物联网的危化品仓库远程监控及巡检系统设计

我国的危化品仓库目前已初具规模,但却缺乏一套系统化的管理方案,致使我国危化品仓库事故频发、造成大量人员、财物损失。针对当今危化品仓库强安全、低风险、高效管理的要求,结合远程摄像、Wi-Fi、蓝牙、RFID、温湿度传感器、气体传感器及小车巡检技术,介绍了危化品仓库监控及巡检系统。该系统可以记录危化品信息,对危化品仓库气体环境以及温湿度进行远程监测,实现无人小车巡检。实测显示,该系统具有自动化程度高、安全性好等特点,在危化品仓库管理方面得到了良好的应用。     

Managing toxic chemicals in Australia: a regional analysis of the risk society

The paper takes examples from two decades of toxic risk management in Australia in order to examine the challenges that the conditions of the ‘risk society’ pose for the chemicals industry in this country. These issues for corporate governance are set against a shift in political discourse in the direction of the limiting of the state, co‐governance between state and industry, and new community involvements and responsibilities. The paper describes new social movements and alliances influencing corporate structures and processes for decision making in Australia. The case examples lead to conclusions concerning the fundamental innovations in the organizational design of regulatory bodies and corporations that are required if progress is to be made towards sustainability and the re‐establishment of public trust. The findings of this paper are symptomatic of the more general challenges that the ‘risk society’ poses for the mainstream political programmes and their frameworks for regulation, for corporate architecture and for the relationships between governments, corporations and the community.     

我国食品安全现状及存在的问题

我国食品安全问题比较严重,有关的食品安全事件时有发生,对社会经济的发展与消费者健康构成了巨大威胁。而影响食品安全的主要原因表现为:化学品污染、微生物污染以及食品新技术和新资源的应用带来的挑战,面对如此严峻的食品安全问题,需要建立健全一套完整的食品安全监管体系,最终保障消费者的食品安全。     

论散装液体化学品危险性评价标准的局限性

概述现有的国内外散装液体化学品危险性评价标准,分析现有标准存在的局限性。     

基于系统动力学的危险化学品运输风险因素研究

为了降低危化品运输事故频次,规避危化品在运输过程中的风险,基于系统动力学模型,从人、机、环、管4个维度构建危化品运输风险因素指标体系,使用AHP法对指标权重进行赋值,结合风险因素间的因果关系构建参数方程,利用Vensim软件仿真模拟危化品运输风险水平的变化趋势,确定单因素变量值和人、机、环、管风险子系统权重的变化对危化品运输风险系统动力学模型的影响程度。结果表明：安全意识薄弱、设备故障等风险因素的变动以及人、机、环、管风险子系统的权重变动都会影响危化品运输风险水平,人、机、环、管4个子系统对危化品运输风险的影响程度从高到低依次是人、管、环、机。研究结果可为降低危化品运输过程中的风险和制定危化品运输事故预防策略提供一定参考。     

我国水处理剂的研究应用状况与展望

综述了我国水处理剂的研究和应用现状,展望了开发与应用前景,指出了今后水处理剂的研究开发方向。     

基于模糊联系度的危化品公路运输安全风险评估

为了有效降低危化品公路运输事故风险,提高危化品运输安全管控能力,构建了含23个动、静态指标的危化品公路运输安全风险评估指标体系,采用组合权重对评估指标赋权;基于集对分析理论,对专家打分分值与组合权重深入分析,引入综合差异度系数的概念,确定模糊联系度,提出一种危化品公路运输安全风险评估方法;以西安某公司至上海的运输任务为例,进行实例应用。结果表明：除危化品因素外,其余一级指标均存在风险上升趋势,其中人员因素风险上升趋势尤其明显,危化品公路运输整体风险状态处于微反势9级,风险较大,与实际情况相符。所提方法可实现危化品公路运输动、静态风险评估,为危化品公路运输风险研究提供参考。     

基于GIS技术的危险化学品物流系统的风险管理

以GIS的空间信息系统为依托,运用风险管理的方法,对危险化学品物流系统中各个环节的风险加以评估,从控制损失的角度分析了相应的决策方法。