Organizing anarchy: The food security–biodiversity–climate crisis and the genesis of rural land use planning in the developing world

Shortfalls in global food production, coupled with the growing visibility of climate change's disruptive effects, have underlined for many observers the importance of devoting rural lands to their ‘optimal’ use, where they can make maximal contributions to the global imperatives of feeding the human population and maintaining vital environmental services. In this context observers have endorsed rural land use planning as a way to insure that, at least in theory, lands get devoted to their best uses. In practice, land use planning in the developing world has resembled ‘organized anarchy’. Small landholders with insecure land tenure, overseas investors seeking large land deals, NGOs representing indigenous peoples, government officials, and staff from international environmental NGOs and multilateral organizations have come together in strategic action fields to struggle over and sometimes negotiate land use plans for contested landscapes. These plans represent a strategic, spatially explicit response to the climate change–biodiversity–food security crisis.     

双重二元金融结构、农户信贷需求与农村金融改革——基于11省14县市的田野调查

破除二元金融结构、推进农村金融改革、及时调整非均衡增长模式是克服金融危机和保持经济可持续发展的关键。本文基于11省14县市的田野调查数据,对农户信贷意愿和信贷可及性及其影响因素进行了定量分析,同时运用统计数据揭示了我国农村系统性负投资和双重二元金融结构的制度特征与经济后果。本文最后对未来农村金融体系改革中激励与约束机制设计、存量改革与增量改革战略以及普惠金融体系的构建提出了系统的政策框架。     

日本二元经济转换时期的产业结构变化与相关政策分析

根据刘易斯以及费景汉.拉尼斯的二元经济的理论,可以判定日本经济在上世纪中叶,以日本的产业结构为主导发生了巨大变化,显现出二元经济结构转换的特征。政府为了引导日本经济发展以及顺利度过转折时期采取了一系列的有效政策。这些变化和政策,对面临二元经济转换时期的我国经济提供了重要的参考经验。     

农户分层信贷渠道选择行为及其影响因素分析——基于农村二元金融结构的实证研究

本文基于来自中国12省市的农户家庭信贷的微观数据,运用Probit模型实证分析了在正规金融渠道与非正规金融渠道相互独立和相互影响下,高收入与低收入农户信贷渠道选择行为的影响因素,解析中国农村二元金融结构特征下的农户分层信贷渠道选择行为。本文研究发现,家庭特征、经济特征以及金融生态环境对高收入与低收入农户信贷渠道的选择行为有着不同的影响。基于经验研究的基础上,提出中国二元金融结构特征下的深化农村金融改革的政策建议。     

重新理解各种收入及其源泉——辨析"三位一体"公式的二重性

马克思以前的许多经济学家,例如斯密和萨伊,由于没有科学区分剩余价值的分配与剩余价值的生产之间的联系与区别,因而都无意或有意地混淆了收入分配与收入源泉两者之间的联系区别,"三位一体"公式就是这种混淆的理论表现形式.本文为了极其清晰地揭示出分配与生产关系之间的区别,力求全面、深刻地辨析"三位一体"公式的虚伪性和合理性,以便从整体上再现资本作为商品化经济或市场经济主体的复杂二重性质.在这里,唯物辩证的二重分析方法又成为解剖资本分配制度乃至运营制度、生产制度二重性的锐利武器.     

二元性问题的讨论:我们忽略了什么——一个基于资源占有非均衡的分析

除了传统意义的二元结构,在垄断行业与市场竞争行业、计划经济改制的国有企业与完全市场竞争企业及由教育资源分享不公引起的劳动力异质问题上,均有以隐性形式存在的二元结构问题.二元性外延的拓展根源于经济活动中公有资源占有的不公平,并且一经占有,个体理性的本位效率偏好与集体行动的公平目标必然出现一定的背离.二元性的存在不仅影响和谐社会的构建,而且使效率原则出现一定程度的扭曲.     

Entrepreneurship as the structuration of individual and opportunity: A response using a critical realist perspective : Comment on Sarason,Dean and Dillard

Sarason et al. [Sarason, Y., Dean, T., Dillard, J.F., 2006. Entrepreneurship as the nexus of individual and opportunity: a structuration view. J. Bus. Venturing, 21, 286-305] build upon Shane and Venkataraman’s [Shane, S., Venkataraman, S., 2000. The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Acad. Manage. Rev., 25, 217–226] framework of the interrelationship between opportunity and the entrepreneur, by proposing Giddens’ structuration theory as the ‘lens through which to view the entrepreneurial process’ (2006: 286). In this comment we make four points. Although we agree that the nexus of entrepreneur and opportunity is one that requires understanding within the context of social structure and the individual agency. Our view of structure differs substantially from Giddens and by implication Sarason et al. (2006). We discuss the implications. Second, since strata in social reality have different ontologies we propose it follows that they are viewed as a dualism. Third, agents have causal power, and ultimate concerns which they try to fallibly to put into practice. We propose entrepreneurship as the study of the interplay between the structures of a society and the agents within it, the implications of fallibility is made explicit. Finally, we take issue with Sarason et al.’s argument for an interpretist epistemology.     

Sheila Dow's concept of dualism: clarification, criticism and development

This paper analyses Dow's concept of dualism and decomposesit into eight categories, one not explicitly identified by Dow.It is argued that Dow's original definition is underdevelopedand thereby lacking practical relevance. The paper presentsa development of Dow's definition, which allows her to attackthe splitting of polar categories. This significantly increasesthe relevance of Dow's definition of dualism and buttressesher criticisms of the mainstream. The paper also identifies‘heuristic dualism’ in Dow's work. A distinctioncan be made between Dow's ‘heuristic dualism’, whichis strictly an intermediate step in an argument, and the mainstreamuse of fixed dualistic categories.     

Of Markets And Martyrs: Is It OK To Pay Well For Care?

If caring work were well paid, would it lose some of the special, emotional, interpersonal aspects we want in "real" care relationships? Some fear that the introduction of "market values" would lead to such an outcome. This article seeks to bring to light some logical fallacies and insufficiently expunged gender dualisms that may lie, unexamined, under such concerns. Examining the ways we think and talk about markets, meanings, and motivations, it argues that the foci of feminist concern should instead be the concrete structures of caregiving and the problem of under-demand.     

私法与公法的协动形式

私法与公法的不断交融使得传统的公法私法二元论不断受到冲击。并非完全二元对立的私法与公法在法律规范层面存在不同种类的协动形式,私法公法协动论可以有效解释公法私法的新关系。私法与公法的协动既存在于利益层面,也存在于主体层面。利益层面的私法公法协动论主要包括公法规范和私法规范的重叠型适用、冲突调节型适用和协同型适用三类。重叠型适用主要出于保护特定利益的需要;冲突调节型适用则需要基于适当性、必要性和均衡性调节有冲突的利益关系;协同型适用本质是对利益的双重连续性衡量过程,可以分为差异化协同、竞合协同和组合协同等不同情况。而主体层面的私法公法协动论主要包括公私协动和私行政法等内容。