Migration decisions under ambiguity: Migration distance effects revisited

There is ample evidence that distance has a strong negative effect on migration. Despite its significance in migration decisions, scholars rarely explore the migration distance effect deeper than the first level of interpretation derived from the simple neoclassical theory of migration. This study revisits the migration distance effect in the spirit of Knightian distinction between risk and uncertainty. To this end, this study attempts to construct estimates of the risk premium migrants are willing to pay to avoid the risk associated with migration distance. The results show that the magnitude of the distance effect is not rationalized by risk aversion in the Arrow–Pratt sense (Arrow, 1965, The theory of risk aversion, Yrjo Jahnssonin Saatio, Helsinki, Finland, 90; Pratt, 1964, Econometrica, 32, 122). In particular, the risk premium demanded by distant rural residents is unjustifiably higher compared with that of those living closer to urban areas in their migration decisions. The results suggest that the migration distance effect is analogous to the equity home bias puzzle and the Ellsberg paradox in that the assumption of subjective expected utility can lead to seemingly irrational human behaviors. Some of the findings in this study shed light on the role of subjective aspects such as perception, confidence, and pessimism in migration decisions, which have been neglected in the literature.     

The impact of traffic sign deficit on road traffic accidents in Nigeria

This study assesses the impact of traffic sign deficit on road traffic accidents in Nigeria. The participants were 720 commercial vehicle drivers. While simple random sampling was used to select 6 out of 137 federal highways, stratified random sampling was used to select six categories of commercial vehicle drivers. The study used qual-dominant mixed methods approach comprising key informant interviews; group interviews; field observation; policy appraisal and secondary literature on traffic signs. Result shows that the failure of government to provide and maintain traffic signs in order to guide road users through the numerous accident black spots on the highways is the major cause of road accidents in Nigeria. The study argues that provision and maintenance of traffic signs present opportunity to promoting safety on the highways and achieving the sustainable development goals.     

Road infrastructure and economic development in the periphery: the case of A55 improvements in North Wales

This paper examines the impact of a major road improvement programme on the economic development of North Wales. The paper identifies the economic impacts of the road on a selection of firms and organisations in North Wales, and provides a modelling framework to examine the static and dynamic effects of road improvements. Road improvements across North Wales are found to be a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for economic development in this peripheral area.     

中国城市化有关问题初探

城市化问题是当代社会经济发展的重大问题，是涉及到自然资源的合理开发利用，农村人口转化、剩余劳动力的走向以及城市工业、第三产业发展的关键问题。     

上海郊区城市化水平测度及相关探讨

文章通过由人口、经济、社会和居住环境因素因子所构成综合指数,科学合理地对上海市郊区城市化整体水平进行测度,并通过对城市化水平的测度,深入、准确地揭示了目前上海郊区城市化发展所存在的问题,从而明确促进城市化发展应采取的对策和措施.     

城镇化水平与农民收入的相关性研究

城镇化水平与农民人均收入存在着密切关系，即城镇化水平越高，农民人均收入越高；城镇化水平越低，农民人均收入越低。因此，要增加农民人均收入，就必须提高城镇化水平，特别是提高中西部省份的城镇化水平。文章主要运用统计学中的回归分析方法来阐述这一观点。     

我国城市环境地质研究现状及应注意几个问题

在分析我国城市环境地质研究现状的基础上,提出了在城市环境地质研究中,应注意将环境地质和地球化学、地球物理、"3S技术"等学科结合起来,不断吸收新方法新技术,并放宽视野,从城市化发展的趋势出发,着眼于"大城市"、城市群的环境地质研究,使城市环境地质研究真正为城市可持续发展和城市居民生活质量的提高做出更大的贡献.     

湿地公路与农田水利建设关系分析

湿地因其特殊的自然状况，公路交通建设投资大，成绩显著，但农田水利设施损失严重，正确处理好湿地公路建设与农田水利建设的矛盾，有利于发展交通建设和解决三农问题。文章从公路交通与农田水利现状分析出发，试图找到湿地交通发展与农田水利建设的平衡点，形成公路建设，农田水利建设共同发展的良好循环。     

美国的城市化进程与现代城市规划联系的解读

回顾了美国城市化的独特发展历程和美国现代城市规划历史,并就二者之间的相互关系进行了探讨,以期对处于转型期的中国城市化发展有所启示和借鉴.     

城市化进程中的产业政策选择

当前我国已进入城市化加速阶段,促进城市化水平的提高应成为制定产业政策的重要出发点.从各产业的比较劳动生产率、国际竞争力和就业吸纳能力等方面入手进行分析,筛选出了若干发展潜力大、就业吸纳能力强的行业;并指出这些行业在我国未来的城市化进程中将起到至关重要的作用,应制定相应的政策加以重点扶持.