X效率理论的内在局限与发展困境

X效率理论是20世纪下半叶在对新古典经济学效率问题的质疑中提出的一种解释效率的理论。受理论抽象和研究方法的局限,该理论不仅未能像其创始人期待的那样对新古典理论进行全面的替代,而且未能纳入主流经济学的视野。在对同一问题的解释上,新制度经济学从对新古典经济学假设条件的现实解释中成功地得到发展,并很快成为主流经济学的主要内容。从事后的角度对X效率理论和新制度经济学进行比较分析,对于中国在转轨过程中经济理论的发展具有一定的启迪作用。     

Evolutions and Contradictions in Mainstream Macroeconomics: The Case of Olivier Blanchard

This article traces the complex intellectual path of Olivier Blanchard, a personification of the controversial evolution of macroeconomic research over the last three decades. After contributing to consolidation of the core of mainstream macroeconomics, Blanchard recently suggested ‘rethinking’ some of its key aspects to take stock of the lessons of the 2008 Great Recession, which he witnessed as the International Monetary Fund’s Chief Economist. This welcome discussion, which according to Blanchard should open mainstream macroeconomics to heterodox thinking, has so far produced a certainly interesting albeit theoretically contradictory synthesis and limited policy consequences. The most paradigmatic aspect of this rethinking of macroeconomics is represented by the abandonment in teaching of aggregate supply and demand in favor of a revival of the IS–LM model complemented by the Phillips curve. While this change of perspective does allow for the instability of ‘natural’ equilibrium to be emphasized, a deeper reading may prove incompatible with the neoclassical foundations of the mainstream approach.     

Ideological maps of consumer education

The case is made for the merit of discovering and owning the ideological and paradigmatic underpinnings of consumer‐related education initiatives. After briefly profiling two camps of dominant and contending/emergent world views (ideologies and attendant paradigms), two ideological maps of consumer education are developed and applied, providing a scaffold for future deliberations about the import of world views in consumer education.     

Monoculture versus diversity in competition economics

Economics rightfully represents the major basis for competitionpolicy. Next to generating knowledge about competition and itswelfare effects, the currently popular ‘more-economicapproach’ is charged with a number of additional hopesand expectations. While this article highlights the benefitsof economics-based competition policy, it takes a cautious stancetowards excessive expectations, in particular regarding theidea that a monocultural, ‘unified’ competitiontheory as an exact, objective and unerring scientific approachto antitrust could make normative assessment and generalisationssuperfluous. Diversity in competition economics is advocatedin two ways. First, competition economics is empirically characterisedby a considerable pluralism of theories and policy paradigms.Second, it is demonstrated that this diversity of theories istheoretically beneficial for future scientific progress. Asno ultimate competition theory can ever be expected., the ‘more-economicapproach’ must be extended in order to embrace diversity.     

An emerging tourism planning paradigm? A comparative analysis between town and tourism planning

This article examines the roots and the evolution of tourism and town planning theory and practice. It discusses how both fields have interacted with each other, and provides some clues about the way in which tourism and town planning theory and practice are likely to evolve in the future. It is argued that tourism planning theory is still looking for its own identity and ways of evolving in the future. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

政府、企业与非营利组织人力资源管理范式比较研究

政府、企业与非营利组织的人力资源管理范式虽因组织目标的不同存在显著差异,但其人力资源管理基础范式是明确的,取决于两个主要变量,一是人性假设,二是组织目标。企业人力资源管理范式主要为基于x-理论和Y-理论的人力资源管理范式;政府人力资源管理范式主要为基于公平一效率型和效率一公平型的人力资源管理范式;非营利组织人力资源管理范式主要为效益驱动型或使命驱动型的人力资源管理范式。     

透析“营销是科学还是艺术”之争

1945年,Converse创造性地提出“营销究竟是科学还是艺术”的问题,至今这个问题都呈“无解”状态.整体看来,“营销是科学还是艺术”之争历经了前科学、科学、后科学三大发展阶段.60多年的发展历史形成了以下特点:相对于“艺术”而言,研究者更偏好讨论“科学”;论据科学性不强与营销科学化目标难以实现.营销学科学哲学转向与研究方法的低层次导致这场争论在低水平重复,而思辩研究的存在是这场争论产生的根本之源.“营销是科学”无疑是这场争论追求的最终目标,而正确地框定营销学理论研究范围与建立营销“一般化”的理论范式将是解决这场争论的根本之策.     

数据驱动的国土空间规划：理论、范式及趋势

研究目的：从“新数据”与国土空间规划之间的关系出发,分析数据驱动规划的理论基础、基本概念、逻辑体系、主要范式、本质特征,以期为构建面向未来人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化国土空间治理新格局提供理论参考与决策依据。研究方法：文献研究法和系统分析法。研究结果：（1）数据驱动规划是一种通过模型、算法实现多源异构数据的获取筛选、分析挖掘、模拟预测,实现国土空间规划全流程、全链条、全方位定量化的重要模式方法,具有系统性、科学性、实质性等“3S”特性;（2）数据驱动规划遵循基于“总量—增量—存量—流量—质量”过程优化的自然空间、基于“流态—业态—形态”多维复合的社会空间、基于“数字化—智能化—智慧化”技术支撑的数字空间三大逻辑体系;（3）数据驱动规划可划分为全要素协同驱动、多时空尺度驱动、全生命周期驱动和多元化场景驱动4种范式,其本质是以数据要素为核心与纽带,有效链接和无缝衔接自发生长型规划和人为引导型规划,是一种追求人与自然和谐共生的规划,并呈现出全面感知、适应学习、反馈治理等主要特征。研究结论：面向未来数字技术发展趋势,应加强“大数据”和“小数据”以及“新数据”和“老数据”之间的结合,“真数据”...