2种不同来源的黑牛肝菌SOD酶活稳定性研究

本研究分别对野生种PH-16与栽培种PH-20黑牛肝菌进行SOD酶活稳定性研究,通过SOD酶对H2O2及乙醇-氯仿的化学敏感性差异,确定SOD酶类型,以没食子酸自氧化法测定酶活,通过温度、pH以及4℃保藏时间梯度对其SOD酶稳定性进行了探究.结果表明,硫酸铵-丙酮复合沉降法,SOD酶活性最高,PH-20菌丝体蛋白含量是PH-16的1.32倍,而PH-16 SOD比活力最高可达PH-20的1.42倍.两种黑牛肝菌SOD酶活性均对H2O2浓度变化敏感,对乙醇-氯仿浓度变化保持活性稳定,确定SOD酶类型为Cu,Zn-SOD酶.PH-16 SOD酶最高酶活条件为pH=5.5,温度25℃,活性平均衰退速率16.2 U·mL-1·d-1.PH-20 SOD酶最高酶活条件为pH=6.5,温度30℃,活性平均衰退速率8.5 U·mL-1·d-1.     

Large-scale participatory co-shaping of technological developments: First experiments with PARDIZIPP

A future-oriented participatory procedure on the basis of the Delphi method was developed and empirically tested a first time with the goal to improve the shaping of technological developments. The technology under study here was micro-electronics or rather their relationship with labor and the test took place in NorthRhine-Westphalia.Today problems exist in all walks of life. There is a lot of talk about today's problems as if they were new, though one has heard similar arguments throughout history. How do we assess if we are really in danger of bringing the world to an end? Although this danger appears real, it would not be the first time in history that people have thought and felt like this--However, one thing that is new are the consequences of modern sciences and technology, which are not suited to given social and environmental requirements. They have given rise to questions concerning the quality of the decision-makers. The questioning of many of these decisions has increased for some time and is now getting more and more specific, with a demand for quality and information rather than managerial skills and competitiveness from the decision-makers. The term ‘decision-maker’ describes those who determine the application of technology, science and technical equipment which has either existed for a long time already or has recently been developed.--It is not easy to change the structures and processes of decision-making so that new structures and processes will be more suited to social and environmental requirements. We have tested our ideas as to how this could be done, in an empirical project. Although we called it ‘Project NRW-2000’, it would probably be better described as an experiment.--We persuaded 90 ordinary people to participate in this project as ‘experts on daily life and work’. This group was asked to work in six regional sub-groups and discuss, with reference to three given normative societal scenarios for the year 2020, the relationship between microelectronics and labour markets of the year 2020, on the basis of a participatory Delphi procedure. Before we elaborate on the concept of our project in Section 3, we would like to outline it in terms of the mainstream of the sociology of technology as well as with research on ‘acceptance’ in Section 1. In Section 2 we will briefly illustrate the framework of the research programme ‘Socially Oriented Shaping of Technology’ of the state of Northrhine-Westphalia, which funded our research project. Section 4 particularly deals with the participatory elements of our project, while Section 5 is devoted to the development of the scenarios. Section 6 sums up the results of the ‘scenario-construction’. Regarding specific elements, we restrict ourselves to topics concerning technology, labour, and the relationship between women workers/employees and technology. As a final outlook we deal with the political implications of our approach. All that is left is to remind our readers that we regard this project as a first application or experiment within our overall approach.     

重金属对土壤微生物活性的影响

污灌区土壤基础呼吸、土壤酶的活性是判断土壤重金属影响的指标。通过对长春市四间房、季家、西新3座水库周边地区的污灌、清灌土壤的对比研究,从土壤微生物基础呼吸、土壤酶活性的变化。来研究污灌区重金属对土壤的影响,从而来判断污灌区环境质量的优劣。结果表明：污灌水中含有多种重金属污染物,其对土壤基础呼吸起一定的抑制作用。另一方面,污灌水质对土壤酶活性的影响表现为重金属过高呈现抑制,低浓度呈现激活作用。     

不同处理对梨酵素抗氧化活性的影响

本实验以新鲜的宁陵金顶谢花酥梨为原料,通过自然发酵、酵母菌发酵、乳酸菌发酵制作梨酵素,对比切丁处理和打浆处理对梨酵素发酵过程中理化指标和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明,切丁处理后,酵母菌发酵优于自然发酵和乳酸菌发酵,梨酵素的还原力为2.40,多酚含量为35.57 mg·mL^-1,羟自由基清除率为90.35%,DPPH自由基清除率为81.31%,ABTS自由基清除率为92.17%。打浆处理后,自然发酵比菌种发酵效果好,酵素液的还原力为2.36,多酚含量为34.81 mg·mL^-1,羟自由基清除率为88.89%,DPPH自由基清除率为80.17%,ABTS自由基清除率为91.74%。     

浅谈污泥减量技术

本文综述了目前国内外对污泥减量化研究的主要理论和方法,介绍了隐形生长、生物捕食、微生物强化、代谢解偶联和投加酶等污泥减量技术,比较了各种技术的优缺点,可供相关工程技术人员参考.     

精练酶DMA在牛仔经纱煮漂工艺探讨

本文通过正交实验,分析DMA精练酶在牛仔经纱前处理中对各项指标的影响,通过实验发现与传统方法相比,使用DMA煮练的牛仔经纱具有白度高、毛效好、强力损失小、工艺成本低、节能环保等优点。     

固定化酶技术在环境工程中的应用

综述了固定化酶技术在环境工程领域的应用及所取得的成果,并对其发展趋势作了展望。     

固体表面的酶催化研究概况

底物固载于固体表面进行的酶催化反应近年来在生物工程学中越来越受到关注。该技术推动了生物化学领域微型化、自动化的发展;此外可以解决在微点阵和纳米技术等领域所面临的技术挑战。在生物纳米技术方面,通过提高对映选择性和生物兼容性,进一步拓宽酶的修饰方法。综述了较为成熟的固相表面酶催化反应。     

固态发酵在食品工业中的应用

近来,随着反应器设计的发展,固态发酵(SSF)已经取代液态发酵(ScF)成为食品工业应用中的研究热点.本文论述了SSF在与食品加工工业有关的一些代谢物的生产中的应用,主要包括香料、酶(α-淀粉酶、果糖基转移酶、脂肪酶、果胶酶)、有机酸(乳酸、柠檬酸)和黄原胶.     

复合型杀菌剂对生物粘泥处理效果的研究

为了解决循环冷却水系统中生物粘泥大量滋生的问题,设计实验,考察了一定浓度的复合酶制剂与常规杀菌剂复配使用对生物粘泥的处理效果。研究结果表明,在酶制剂的辅助下,杀菌剂苯扎溴胺对生物粘泥的作用效果明显增加。180 mg/L是苯扎溴胺与酶复配的最佳浓度;酶与醋酸氯已定复配后对生物粘泥的杀菌效果有所增高,80 mg/L是醋酸氯已定与酶复配的最佳浓度。此外,与单一杀菌剂作用相比,加入酶会降解生物粘泥胞外聚合物,从而瓦解生物粘泥结构,使其内部的微生物暴露出来以便杀菌剂杀灭。