Object detection based on visual memory: a feature learning and feature imagination process

ABSTRACT

Visual memory plays an important role for the human’s visual system to detect objects. The features of an object stored in the visual memory have much lower dimensions than the features contained within an image. We simulate the visual memory as a feature learning and feature imagination (FLFI) process to build an object detection algorithm. The method is constructed by a bottom-up feature learning and a top-down feature imagination. The proposed object detection method is tested using publicly available benchmark data sets, and the result indicates that it is fast and more robust.     

New development: Fiscal reform in South Korea: looking back and moving forward

ABSTRACT

At first glance, it seems that South Korea’s three fiscal systems (mid-term expenditure framework, top-down budgeting, and performance management) function well. However, each fiscal system operates separately and they are inefficient because they follow past practices. This article explains what the problems are and how to overcome them.     

Post-socialist agricultural cooperatives in Russia: a case study of top-down cooperatives in the Belgorod region

Through a study of agricultural service cooperatives in Russia’s Belgorod region, this article addresses two gaps in the literature: first, the dearth of empirical studies on cooperatives in post-socialist Russia; second, the lack of attention to top-down cooperatives in the global literature, and the overly negative approach to the topic in the few extant studies. Whereas state attempts to establish agricultural cooperatives in Russia in a top-down fashion have largely failed, such cooperatives have sprung up widely in Belgorod. The article investigates: (1) what influence the (regional) state exerts on the cooperatives, and how that affects their daily functioning and viability; and (2) to what extent such top-down cooperatives might evolve into less state-led forms, such as classic member-driven or business-like cooperatives.     

Top-Down参数化设计在液压支架产品中的应用

应用Top-Down设计方法,建立了两柱掩护式液压支架参数化模板,并完成了产品变型测试。通过建立参数化模板,实现了产品的快速设计,产品设计周期由70人.天缩减至10人.天,极大地提高了设计效率。     

Factors influencing visual attention: a meta-analysis

ABSTRACT

The goal of the present study is to conduct the first meta-analysis on the antecedents (top-down and bottom-up factors) and consequences (evaluation factors) of visual attention. In this research, 201 empirical articles were examined, with a total of 781 effect sizes highlighting the visual attention effect on consumption choices. An ordered synthesis of the different types of empirical results involving visual attention in the marketing area was performed. Our research deepens and describes the effects of top-down and bottom-up factors on visual attention, demonstrating the differences between the variables that compose them.     

基于效率评价的湖南省高新区创新体系顶层设计

构建高新区创新体系是高新区可持续发展的必然选择。湖南省高新区创新体系的顶层设计应以构建各创新主体为中心的网络化、开放化、协同化发展的多元联动创新网络体系为建设目标，通过DEA模型对湖南省12家高新区创新效率进行评价，结果表明全省多数高新区都存在纯技术效率和规模效率都偏低的问题，仅5家园区为DEA有效单元，进一步对非DEA有效单元进行投影分析指出其效率提升方向，最后就全省高新区创新体系建设提出了完善措施。     

Hierarchical Structured Analysis in Modern MF System

The traditional MF is facing great pressure of reform with the coming of new era and the adjustment of the relationship between production and circulation. After many years＇ practice, people gradually realize that traditional MF is bound to transfer to modem MF and the old production system to integrated system. Multiple disciplines, fields and technologies have to be integrated to construct an efficient and feasible MF system because the system has the characters of multiple-nods, wide-spreading and large scopes. The building of harmony and integral models at different abstract levels is the key for system analysis and execution. The process structured analysis technology is the course of breaking down from abstract to specific, from macro functions to sub ones, from whole to detail. In other words, with the approach of top-down design method, it transforms all kinds of modem MF requirements to consumer-oriented module structure based on MF process so as to establish demands-oriented modem MF operation and controlling system.     

中国再生资源产业发展顶层设计框架体系研究

文章运用总体设计部思想和总体架构(EA)理论,构建中国再生资源产业顶层设计框架体系.基于产业的SWOT分析,从战略的高度,提出促进产业健康发展需要构建产业的顶层设计.在对产业顶层设计涵义与属性界定的前提下,借鉴日本、德国再生资源产业发展体系,系统探讨中国再生资源产业顶层设计的框架体系,并提出促进产业发展的若干建议.研究结果将丰富和发展战略性新兴产业管理理论,对指导与促进产业健康、协调发展有着重要的战略意义.     

协同办公系统的整体研究与开发

在协同办公系统的设计与开发过程中,往往存在着对系统核心业务认知不清晰、难于适应变化中的需求、开发效率低与开发成本高等问题。这些问题容易导致系统开发的最终结果无法实现预期目标或开发的周期无限延长,从而导致项目处于搁置状态。为了解决上述问题,在分析了协同办公的目标与核心业务需求的基础上,提出了一种从整体上对协同办公研究与开发的模式,该模式自顶向下划分功能需求与模块间组合的方式,并论述了如何在实际的协同办公系统的开发中应用此模式。     

Cookie cutter cooperatives in the KwaZulu-Natal school nutrition programme

This article examines an initiative by the KwaZulu-Natal provincial government to increase the income opportunities emerging from the school feeding programme. Since the inception of the programme, small medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) have been enlisted to provide schools with ingredients. However, in 2006 the KwaZulu-Natal provincial government replaced some SMMEs with women's cooperatives. By 2009, 12 of the original 42 cooperatives had collapsed, and some schools serviced by the cooperatives complained of unreliable delivery of ingredients. This article examines the interface between policy and implementation through a case study of four cooperatives in one district. Our data suggest that some cooperatives struggled to take root as a result of a variety of factors which we discuss under the themes of viability, membership and skills. The top-down creation of these cooperatives according to inflexible guidelines also resulted in significant problems.