《生物安全议定书》的贸易条款及其影响

由于转基因生物对生物多样性、生态环境和人体健康可能产生潜在的有害影响,《生物安全议定书》的贸易条款对转基因生物贸易作了较严格的限制。但是受到多种因素的交互影响,这些条款的贸易限制效果是有限的。     

依托大科学设施的生物安全国家实验室建设经验与启示

生物安全是国家安全的重要组成部分, 美国等西方发达国家已依托生物安全四级实验室（P4）建设生物安全国家实验室。通过对国外重要生物安全国家实验室的战略定位、管理运行机制、核心技术研发、法律法规、人员队伍培训、国际合作等进行调研，分析国外生物安全国家实验室的总体特点，对比我国在生物安全领域部署建设国家实验室建设存在的问题，提出我国以P4实验室大科学设施为核心建设生物安全国家实验室的建议。     

转基因技术与《生物安全议定书》

指出了转基因技术安全管理争论的焦点问题,对《生物安全议定书》的主要内容做了分析。     

国境口岸结核病检测的生物安全风险与防护

本文对国境口岸结核病检测的生物安全风险识别及预防、标本操作和仪器设备安全选用、使用及维护等方面进行了研究,对于规范实验室人员实验操作,降低实验室生物安全风险,确保实验室人员生命健康,防止结核病传播具有重要意义。     

Will the Biosafety Protocol hinder or protect the developing world: Learning from China’s experience

Uncertainties about the effect of Biosafety Protocol (BSP) on global agricultural trade have caused concern among those with a stake in agrifood imports and exports. The primary goal of this paper is to analyze the potential economic impacts of the BSP on both importing countries with a specific emphasis on China and exporting countries of soybean and maize. The results show that in absolute terms the BSP will require large investments internationally and will induce compliance costs. The BSP will increase the international price and domestic production in importing countries, and lower international trade and domestic production in the exporting countries. In absolute terms the impacts are large, amounting for each commodity into the tens of millions of dollars and varying largely among different scenarios. But in the percentage the impacts are small. Much smaller impacts are found in China because China has already invested in a system that provides almost all of the services that could be required by the BSP. Other developing nations may need more help; and that it will be more costly.     

GM-free private standards and their effects on biosafety decision-making in developing countries

We provide a comprehensive review of international cases where GM-free private standards set up by food companies in developed countries have influenced biosafety policymaking in developing countries. We find 29 cases where private importers have directly or indirectly affected policy decisions in 21 countries. Most of the cases relate irrational fear of export losses to excessively precautionary decisions. These cases are based on two generally misleading premises: the belief that Europe or Japan represents the only market for exports, and the perception that non-GM segregation is infeasible or prohibitively costly in all situations. Our study also demonstrates the importance of information asymmetries across countries and agents and the role of risk aversion in seemingly irrational decision-making. The combination of these four factors helps us explain why presumed but unproven expected commercial losses still represents a significant impediment to biosafety policymaking in developing countries.