骨科卧床患者便秘的原因分析及预防与治疗对策

目的总结归纳骨科卧床患者便秘的原因,探索预防和治疗的措施。方法收集我院2000～2012年骨科下肢骨折、脊椎骨折、骨盆骨折患者100例综合分析。结果总结骨科卧床患者发生便秘的多种原因并给予相应的预防措施和解决办法,临床效果满意。结论采取预防措施能减少和纠正便秘的发生。     

Individual heterogeneity in the returns to schooling: instrumental variables quantile regression using twins data

Considerable effort has been exercised in estimating mean returns to education while carefully considering biases arising from unmeasured ability and measurement error. Recent work has investigated whether there are variations from the “mean” return to education across the population with mixed results. We use an instrumental variables estimator for quantile regression on a sample of twins to estimate an entire family of returns to education at different quantiles of the conditional distribution of wages while addressing simultaneity and measurement error biases. We test whether there is individual heterogeneity in returns to education and find that: more able individuals obtain more schooling perhaps due to lower marginal costs and/or higher marginal benefits of schooling and that higher ability individuals (those further to the right in the conditional distribution of wages) have higher returns to schooling consistent with a non-trivial interaction between schooling and unobserved abilities in the generation of earnings. The estimated returns are never lower than 9 percent and can be as high as 13 percent at the top of the conditional distribution of wages but they vary significantly only along the lower to middle quantiles. Our findings may have meaningful implications for the design of educational policies.     

Treatment patterns,complications, and direct medical costs associated with ankylosing spondylitis in Chinese urban patients: a retrospective claims dataset analysis

Aim: To describe treatment pattern, complications, and direct medical costs associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Chinese urban patients.

Methods: The 2013 China Health Insurance Research Association (CHIRA) urban insurance claims database was used to identify patients with AS. The identified patients were stratified by AS treatments for the comparisons of well established AS-related complications and direct medical costs. Conventional regression analyses adjusted the collected patient baseline characteristics to confirm the impact of treatments on complications and direct medical costs.

Results: Of the identified 1299 patients with AS, 18.0% received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), 11.2% received immunosuppressant, 48.2% received NSAID plus immunosuppressant, 4.6% received biologic agents, and 17.9% received medications without indication for AS. Biologic group was associated with the lowest proportion of AS-related complications (8.3%) that was confirmed by multiple logistic regression analysis (odds ratio = 0.200, p?=?.017). The biologic group was also associated with highest direct medical costs (median: RMB?=?14,539) that were confirmed by the multiple generalized linear model (coefficient = 1.644, p?Conclusions: Biologics were not commonly used for AS in Chinese patients likely due to their high cost. Future studies are needed to confirm the potential long-term clinical benefits associated biologic treatment for AS.     

Large deviation asymptotics for statistical treatment rules

This note applies large deviation-based optimality theory to evaluate treatment rules for treatment assignment problems. We find nearly optimal treatment rules whose asymptotic maximum large deviation risks can be arbitrary close to the corresponding minimax bounds.     

The housing price boom of the late 1990s: Did inflation targeting matter?

The recent boom in the housing markets of most developed economies has spurred criticism that inflation targeting central banks may have neglected the build-up of financial imbalances. This paper provides a formal empirical test of such claims, using a standard program evaluation methodology to control for a possible bias due to self-selection into inflation targeting. We consider 17 industrial economies over the period 1980–2007, among which nine countries have targeted inflation at some point. We find robust evidence of a significant positive effect of inflation targeting on real house price growth and on the house price-to-rent ratio.     

论美国关税法337条款在GATT1994下的合法性——基于国际判例的思考

对337条款在GATT1994下合法性的正确评判,将会影响对337条款的态度及应对策略的制定.20世纪80年代,加拿大和欧共体曾经分别在关贸总协定体系内挑战过337条款的合法性.第一个案件专家组报告肯定了该案中337条款的合法性,第二个案件专家组报告对337条款的合法性总体上予以肯定,但也指出了337条款四个具体违法之...     

“逆全球化”探源:基于双边投资协定深度决定因素的研究

近年来全球化进程受阻,“逆全球化”根源有待进一步探讨。本文首次利用贸发会议“IIA绘图”数据,构建涵盖101项关键条款的双边投资协定(BITs)深度评价体系,测算了全球2539份BITs深度数据。通过理论和实证研究发现,东道国区位优势和母国所有权优势是决定BITs深度的重要因素。具体来看,东道国劳动力和自然资源禀赋的区位优势对BITs深度具有显著抑制作用,母国资本、技术和制度质量的所有权优势对BITs深度具有显著促进作用,同时母国资本和技术水平对BITs深度的影响存在异质性。进一步研究表明,2008年金融危机后,东道国劳动力资源对BITs深度的抑制作用增强,母国资本和技术水平的促进作用减弱,导致世界经济呈现“逆全球化”趋势,提高母国制度质量是实现经济全球化发展的有效途径。     

自创无形资产的不确定性及会计处理的创新

自创无形资产是完全资本化或费用化,还是一并确认或分阶段确认,目前在财会界依然众说纷纭。本文借鉴国际会计准则的相关规定,结合我国实际,对自创无形资产不确定性的表现和会计对自创无形资产的传统处理进行了分析,最后提出了在知识经济条件下自创无形资产会计确认和披露的创新。