审计师地理距离对客户公司股价信息含量的影响

从地理经济学视角分析审计师的地理区位特征对上市公司股价信息含量的可能影响，利用2004—2013年中国A股上市公司的数据，实证检验了审计师与客户间的地理距离对客户公司股价信息含量的经验影响关系，并进一步考察了证券分析师与审计监督两种中介组织间的交互效应。研究发现：（1）审计师与客户公司间的地理距离越小，客户公司的股价信息含量越低，因为在中国当前经济社会背景下，地理邻近对审计师独立性的消极影响要强于其对审计师专业胜任能力的积极影响，这导致审计师审计质量降低，影响客户公司股价信息含量；（2）证券分析师对客户公司的关注程度越高，审计师的地理邻近性对客户公司股价信息含量的负面影响越弱，表明证券分析师与外部审计之间主要呈现一种相互替代的关系，证券分析师可以作为一种有效的补充监督机制。     

Some issues in blockchain for accounting and the supply chain,with an application of distributed databases to virtual organizations

This paper reviews some recent blockchain‐based applications for information capture, distribution and preservation. As part of that review, this paper examines two key concerns with current blockchain designs for accounting and supply chain transactions: data independence and multiple semantic models for the same information distribution problem. Blockchain applications typically integrate database, application and presentation tiers all in the same ledger. This results in a general inability to query information in the ledger and other concerns. Further, since most applications appear to be private blockchain applications, there is a concern of agents needing to accommodate multiple blockchains depending on who their trading partners are and what they request. Finally, this paper uses a distributed database to design a ‘blockchain‐like’ system for virtual organizations.     

Audit Firm Attributes and Auditor Litigation Risk

This study examines the association between auditors' litigation risk and audit firm attributes. Using professional liability insurance premiums as a proxy for auditors' litigation risk, we present evidence that the risk is lower in audit firms having: (1) separate non-audit and audit divisions; (2) a higher proportion of partners; and (3) a higher annual growth in number of CPAs employed. Additionally, we find that the risk is higher in audit firms having: (1) operating losses; and (2) high revenue growth. Our results are consistent with the idea that audit firms' financial condition and organizational structure affect their independence/ expertise, and, in turn, their litigation risk. Our results are broadly supportive of the PCAOB's (2015) and US Department of Treasury's (2008) views that investors, audit committees, management, and other regulators could benefit from having access to financial and organizational information about audit firms.     

Comparing the True Cost of Living Indices of Demographically Different Households

The comparison of true cost of living indices between demographically different households (relative equivalence scale) is argued to be sensitive to the way demographic characteristics enter demand analysis. In particular, parameters reflecting the cost of demographic characteristics at base prices, though themselves do not have welfare (equivalence scale) interpretation, can alter the benchmark from which demographically varying inflation effects are measured. The empirical analysis, based on a rank‐3 demand system applied to UK individual household data, shows that the inflation adjustment of child benefits can vary with the way demographic costs at base period prices are specified.     

我国独立董事制度研究综述

在我国上市公司正式引入独立董事制度之后,理论界展开了激烈的讨论。文中从以下四方面:独立董事独立性、独立董事薪酬激励机制、独立董事制度在我国实施存在的缺陷及其完善措施、独立董事制度的效果,对理论界各方观点作一回顾和评述,为理论界的研究理清纹路。     

信托财产独立性释解

信托财产的独立性是指信托财产独立于委托人、受益人和受托人等信托关系人并仅为信托目的而存在的基本特性 ;信托财产的独立性可以产生直接和间接的法律后果 ;为了保护第三人的利益 ,信托财产独立性在一定条件下应当加以否认 ,但这种否认在受托人破产中不应简单化操作     

基于国际经验的通货膨胀目标制研究

20世纪90年代开始实施的通货膨胀目标制是以价格稳定为货币政策的首要目标,目的是实现和保持较低的通货膨胀率.通过从中央银行的独立性、通货膨胀的目标设计、央行执行货币政策的透明度及责任追究制和通货膨胀的预测与长期通货膨胀率间的关系等方面对实行通货膨胀目标制国家的实施情况进行分析,可以看出,通货膨胀目标制有利于中央银行的制度性改革,透明度高、可责性强,但也存在对短期灵活性有一定制约的缺点.当前,由于我国还存在一些制约条件,不太可能实行通货膨胀目标制.     

Who are better monitors? Comparing styles of supervisory and independent directors

This paper compares the unobservable style effect between independent directors and supervisory directors on firm performance. Utilizing the unique Chinese board system with both independent and supervisory directors and a large panel data of 2,240 public firms from 2003 to 2017, this paper finds that both supervisory and independent style is crucial in determining variations of firm performance. The effects of both independent and supervisory director style are less significant when the “type II” agency problem is more severe in a firm. Moreover, outside independent director style is more effective when information costs are low or when firms need more outside resources, while inside supervisor director style is more effective when there are no major internal changes. Finally, the results also suggest that increasing qualified supervisor representations are beneficial to firms.     

何种内部治理机制影响了公司权益代理成本--大股东与董事会治理效率的比较

文章采用相对管理费用作为权益代理成本的代理变量,以1999~2002年上市公司为对象,检验了两种核心的内部治理机制———大股东和董事会对公司经营者代理问题的影响。研究发现,董事会独立性在国家控股公司与非国家控股公司之间存在一定的差异,但对公司权益代理成本几乎没有影响;相反,终极控股权性质对权益代理成本产生了显著影响,即无论是否考虑董事会独立性的影响,国家控股公司的代理成本显著高于非国家控股公司;并且,在国家控股公司中,控股股东持股比例越高,公司权益代理成本越高。此外,文章还发现,国家控股方式影响了公司权益代理成本,国资部门控股公司代理成本显著高于其他的国家控股公司。     

浅谈公司法人人格否认制度及其完善

有限责任制度是公司制度的基础,公司人格否认制度是有限责任制度的一种完善和发展;文章阐述了公司法人人格否认制度的内涵、价值以及公司人格否认的适用条件;提出了对公司法人人格否认制度应从观念、立法和司法方面进行完善。