读香蕉事件与传言心理分析

目的:分析传言心理,为政府应对突发公共卫生事件的传言提供有利依据。方法:采用SPSS10?0软件包进行数据统计。对373名海南省被试进行问卷调查,了解对突发公共卫生事件传言的心理反应,结果:对于突发公共卫生事件传言,38%的人们大都不求甚解,贸然接受。结论:传言对社会舆论的错误导向,使得官方正规渠道的信息传播和可信度大大降低。传言止于智者,也止于权威信息的快速传播。     

The straitjacket at workplace： Mobbing

Mobbing has been defined as a chronic asymmetric pattern of power relations and a consequent conflict transformed into a systematic discrimination or mistreatment at workplace which is expressed through unethical or aggressive communication （Leynman, 1996）. Mobbing occurs when an employee in the workplace is steadily subjected to aggressive behavior from more than one colleague or supervisor over a period of time, in a situation where the target finds it difficult to defend him/herself to escape this dire situation. Such a long term incivility tends to stigmatize the mobbed victim and may cause severe psychological trauma since （s）he is metaphorically in a straitjacket. In this double-bind and double-squeeze condition where （s）he can neither get out of the situation nor endure the ordeal, a positive outcome is unlikely. How do we differentiate mobbing from conflict in organizations and how are disputes converted into mobbing behavior, and if one may even do research on mobbing in a culture of＂organizational silence＂ and ＂obedience/submission＂ in a developing country will be the first theoretical research question. Whether systemic silence as a collective level phenomenon is not only an obstacle to healthy organizational communication and relationships, but also a serious barrier to development, participation and learning from malpractices is another relevant question. Most researches investigating the background of mobbing are based on either experiences of targets as victims or the critical cases including the perpetrators as mobber; Therefore, the findings are often at individual level and subjective. They are often ＂ex post facto＂ analysis of psychological dimensions （e.g., personality characteristics of mostly of mobbed victims and rarely of mobbers） or legal dimensions. There are few ＂ex ante＂ analyses of organizational culture dimensions so that preventive measures may be taken prior to any serious mobbing case is reported. This paper＇s objective is to approach mobbing as a function of group conflict and rumor that is uncontrolled for a long time. By exploring the background of mobbing in ten companies from service sector in IstanbuI-Turkey, this view is assessed. The findings confirmed that mobbing is a function of relational conflict and gossip particularly in companies with high positional power distance and highly centralized decision-making where high power imbalance between supervisors and subordinates are salient. Such organizations seem to be more conducive to concealed mobbing and survival than to development and participation of employees as ＂modus operandi＂.     

Is Positive Always Positive? The Effects of Precrisis Media Coverage on Rumor Refutation Effectiveness in Social Media

While providing an unparalleled platform to enable consumers to share information easily with others, social media also threatens organizational control of information and increases risk when organizations become the focus of harmful rumors. Denials, or statements refuting rumors, are able to reduce consumers’ belief in and intention to share rumors. However, the evidence of their effectiveness is not uniformly supportive. Although scholars have highlighted the importance of identifying the moderators for rumor refutation effectiveness, media, as one of the essential infomediaries to shape consumers’ perceptions about firms, was largely overlooked in literatures. This study, therefore, explores the extent to which effective rumor refutation is a function of precrisis media coverage. Drawing on the literature in expectancy violation and media influences on social perceptions, we assessed the influence of precrisis media coverage on rumor refutation effectiveness in a scenario-based experiment. The findings suggest that the tenor of media coverage moderates the relationship between the quality of refutation arguments and refutation effectiveness. When the media coverage is positive, high-quality refutation arguments will not result in significant lower levels of belief in, and intentions to share, the rumor than low-quality arguments. This study contributes a clearer understanding of rumor refutation effectiveness, as well as furnishing important insights regarding the value of media coverage and reputation.     

Rumor Clarification and Stock Returns: Do Bull Markets Behave Differently from Bear Markets?

This paper analyzes the effects of official rumor clarification on Chinese stock returns under different market conditions. The results show that the average cumulative abnormal return after the clarification event is significantly positive in a bull market, and significantly negative in a bear market. The results are robust across various types of rumors, including rumors of mergers and acquisitions, asset restructuring, and positive changes in a firm's operations. Moreover, in both bull and bear markets, investors are unable to distinguish between rumors that prove true and those that prove false, or between strong and weak rumor denial. Furthermore, investors are also unable to adjust their strategies accordingly.     

企业声誉与媒体权威性在证券市场传闻澄清中的作用——关于上市公司应对证券市场传闻的实证研究

发布澄清公告是上市公司应对市场传闻的主要途径。然而,在中国证券市场中,澄清公告却澄而不清,其原因在于某些因素会影响澄清公告的有效性。文章主要围绕信息内容（否认措辞）和信息来源（澄清企业的声誉与传闻媒体的权威性）两类影响因素进行探讨。研究发现,否认措辞将对澄清效果产生影响,并且两者的关系同时受到企业声誉和媒体权威性的调节作用,企业声誉越差,媒体权威性越高,否认措辞对澄清效果的影响越大。研究结论检验了心理学理论在证券市场中的有效性,拓展了金融市场领域的研究范畴,同时为上市公司应对市场传闻提供了新的思路。      

谣言的建构：“毛人水怪”谣言再分析

本文介绍了20世纪中期大范围传播的“毛入水怪”谣言,指出谣言的实质是一个作为集体记忆存在的传说,在一些特定的历史事件中被有意无意地激发,在大规模的人口聚集与流动中广泛传播。通过分析几次谣言形成的过程及其背景,本文指出,大规模谣言的形成症结是民间的恐慌心态与不满情绪,正确理解谣言背后的深层社会问题,缓解民怨,是防止谣言最好的办法。     

Analysis of commercial rumors from the perspective of marketing managers: Rumor prevalence,effects, and control tactics

This study examines commercial rumors from the perspective of marketing managers. American and French respondents (N = 133) completed a rumor questionnaire intended to assess the prevalence and types of commercial rumors that reach their ear, the severity of rumor effects, the effectiveness of rumor control tactics, and the psychological and situational variables associated with rumor onset and spread. Based on a variation of the critical incidents technique involving recalled commercial rumors, the results conform to rumor theory in terms of the psychological and situational factors (i.e. anxiety, importance, credulity, and uncertainty) underlying rumor transmission, and offer support for our proposed rumor model. The findings also highlight the prevalence and potentially negative impact of rumors in marketing sectors. As an initial attempt to discern cross-cultural differences in commercial rumor activity, preliminary findings suggest differences in effectiveness of marketing communication tactics for rumor control across the two country samples studied. Overall, the provision of requested information and attempts to increase trust emerged as the most effective rumor control tactics.     

投资者对市场传闻反应的影响因素分析——传闻准确性与媒体权威性的作用

金融市场中的各类传闻具有不同的特征。然而,传闻特征对投资者的作用尚未得到金融领域的实证检验。对中国A股市场中负面传闻的准确性和传闻媒体的权威性两大特征的研究发现,传闻准确性会对投资者的交易行为产生影响,传闻越准确,投资者反应越强烈。然而,此结论仅对权威媒体发布的传闻有效,原因在于投资者能够通过权威媒体正确预测传闻的准确性,而无法通过非权威媒体进行预测。     

Can the Sun Rise on Sunset? A Case in Human Resources and Organizational Behavior

ABSTRACT

Events at the Sunset Hotel illustrate the numerous human resources issues that can develop when a senior manager who was passed over for promotion distorts messages and undermines his supervisor's constructive change efforts. Rumors flourish, employees become confused, and Sunset Hotel's general manager is frustrated in his inability to accomplish goals. It is uncertain whether the general manager will be able to regain the senior manager's support or to prevent his behavior from affecting employee morale and damaging the hotel's image and reputation.