Mining and Social Movements: Struggles Over Livelihood and Rural Territorial Development in the Andes

Social movements have been viewed as vehicles through which the concerns of poor and marginalized groups are given greater visibility within civil society, lauded for being the means to achieve local empowerment and citizen activism, and seen as essential in holding the state to account and constituting a grassroots mechanism for promoting democracy. However, within development studies little attention has been paid to understanding how social movements can affect trajectories of development and rural livelihood in given spaces, and how these effects are related to movements’ internal dynamics and their interaction with the broader environment within which they operate. This paper addresses this theme for the case of social movements protesting contemporary forms of mining investment in Latin America. On the basis of cases from Peru and Ecuador, the paper argues that the presence and nature of social movements has significant influences both on forms taken by extractive industries (in this case mining) and on the effects of this extraction on rural livelihoods. In this sense, one can usefully talk about rural development as being co-produced by movements, mining companies, and other actors, in particular the state. The terms of this co-production, however, vary greatly among different locations, reflecting the distinct geographies of social mobilization and of mineral investment, as well as the varying power relationships among the different actors involved.     

多维视角下地方政府财政汲取能力的实证研究——基于省级面板数据的实证分析

可持续的地方政府财政汲取能力不仅意味着充足稳定的财政收入,同时应具备规范合理的汲取方式。基于此,本文运用动态因子分析法,从多维视角综合评价了2001—2006年间中国省级地方政府财政汲取能力,并利用固定效应面板数据模型对其进行了实证检验。研究结果表明,各地区财政汲取能力呈现较大差异,并且呈现＂强者愈强、弱者愈弱＂的两极分化态势;财政分权、经济发展水平、产业结构、经济开放度等因素从不同角度影响地方政府的财政汲取能力。     

我国采掘业上市公司并购绩效及其外部扩张

筛选沪深两市采掘业上市公司中在2008年发生并购的公司作为样本,对比全行业和未发生并购企业数据,采用数据包络分析方法(DEA)对长期并购绩效进行分析。研究结果显示,并购活动在短期内会对企业造成绩效冲击,但长期来看,并购有利于公司绩效的提升。     

An empirical study of the determinants of UK oil and gas voluntary disclosures

Significant oil and gas firm market value is derived from their physical reserve quantum, assets which are not recorded on their statements of financial position. This article provides empirical evidence regarding voluntary disclosure of such reserves in line with the previously unresearched UK sector with regard to its unique reporting guidelines. The study considers both the reporting of the reserve quantum and the quality of that reporting. This article seeks to inform the International Accounting Standards Board’s (IASB’s) on-going consideration of mineral resource reporting. Listed companies are considered to evidence forms of reserve disclosure with a logistical regression approach applied to measure determinants of reporting. The risk associated with mineral reporting reserves is hypothesized as the key disclosure driver whilst controlling other relevant variables. The majority of firms disclosed reserve quantities in some form but only a minority disclosed in line with recommended practice, disclosure quality being more variable between companies. The findings indicate that a voluntary disclosure approach is ineffective, partially explained by agency related behaviour. Risk, proxied by the stage of production, drives reserve disclosure showing that producer firms are more likely to disclose reserve quantum balances and of a significantly higher quality.     

董事会治理、高管薪酬对内部控制有效性的影响——来自沪、深两市采掘业上市公司2008～2010年经验数据

本文为研究董事会治理、高管薪酬与内部控制有效性的关系,选取2008～2010年沪深两市采掘业上市公司为样本数据,构建内部控制指数,从董事会治理和高管薪酬两个方面来考察对内部控制有效性的影响。研究发现,董事会治理和高管薪酬对内部控制有效性有一定影响。合理的董事会治理结构是企业增强竞争力和提高经营效率的必要条件,同时高管薪酬在某种程度上也影响着公司内部控制有效性的实现。     

萃取精馏技术研究进展

介绍了萃取精馏的操作方式,连续萃取精馏和间歇萃取精馏,萃取精馏溶剂筛选的主要指标是寻求溶剂对分离物系的最大选择度,着重介绍了萃取精馏溶剂的选择方法,目前进行溶剂筛选的方法有实验法、数据库查询法、经验值方法、计算机辅助分子设计法（CAMD）等,从而得出萃取精馏溶剂筛选的结论并对其提出展望。     

财政压力提高了地方政府财政汲取能力吗?

以中国2009-2020年省级面板数据为样本,采用双向固定效应模型探讨地方政府财政压力对其财政汲取能力的影响。结果表明：整体上,过高的财政压力显著抑制了地方政府财政汲取能力的提升;财政压力能通过税源流失、转移支付依赖等方式在有效性和规范性层面抑制地方政府财政汲取能力的提升,在与政府竞争的共同作用下还会降低政府财政努力动机;财政压力对财政汲取能力的抑制效应在不同地区和不同财政分权程度下具有显著异质性。     

Factories, Forests, Fields and Family: Gender and Neoliberalism in Extractive Reserves

This paper explores the theoretical debates on extraction and development in Amazonia, and the emergence of extractive reserves (ERs) as a tropical development alternative. It reviews the role of women in Amazonian rural economies and then analyzes the (often invisible) tasks of women within the reserves through an analysis of the gender division of labour in the collecting and processing of non-timber forest products and agriculture. It then considers how lack of attention to rural women's labour obligations played out in a development project, Projeto Castanha, that began as an urban factory, but was later recast as a neoliberal decentralized processing and outsourcing programme. The project failed to appreciate the demands on, and the opportunity costs, of women's time and thus had very limited success as women withdrew their labour. The paper argues that there may be many more options for supporting extractive economies (and the women who work in them) in more peri-urban and village projects even though extractive reserves are valuable ecologically and socially in the regional economy.     

从失效汽车尾气净化催化剂中回收铂族金属--亚砜萃取工艺研究

进行了利用亚砜从失效汽车尾气净化催化剂所得溶液中萃取分离铂、钯、铑的工艺研究,提出了Pt-Pd、Pt-Rh、Pt-Pd-Rh分离的工艺流程.在单槽容积为2.5 L的混合-澄清萃取槽中的台架试验表明,Pt、Pd直收率均大于90%.