玉米收储制度改革背景下旱作农业区农户杂粮种植意愿影响因素分析——基于内蒙古自治区、辽宁省411个农户的调查数据

[目的]利用内蒙古自治区乌兰察布丰镇市、凉城县、兴和县,辽宁省朝阳市朝阳县411个农户调查数据,分析玉米收储制度改革背景下北方旱作区农户杂粮种植影响因素。[方法]首先对户主个人特征、家庭禀赋两个一般影响因素进行分析,然后重点对自然和社会资源特征、市场环境、政策环境3个影响因素进行分析。[结果](1)由于户主年龄偏大且文化程度较低、户均从事农业生产的劳动力数量和拥有的耕地面积都较少,农户面对玉米市场价格下跌改种其他农作物的能力较弱;(2)尽管农户普遍认同杂粮适合当地自然条件,但是缺乏企业带动,订单种植杂粮的比例较低,农户种植杂粮存在较高的销售风险;(3)虽然农户普遍预期玉米市场价格持平和走低,但是多数农户对杂粮市场价格没有明确预期,杂粮收益存在较高的不确定性;(4)农户普遍不了解玉米收储制度改革的具体内容,且绝大部分农户没有获得杂粮生产支持,不利于引导农户种植杂粮。[结论]应从加强政策宣传、扶持杂粮加工龙头企业、扩大杂粮补贴范围等方面着手,引导北方旱作区农户种植杂粮,减少玉米收储制度改革对其收入的冲击。     

China,More than Self-Sufficient

At the moment,the whole world faces the most severe inflation in food prices in history,as grain and soybean prices climb to all-time highs.Although some observers blame the weather for the decrease in crop yields and that the growing demand for cereals used for bio-fuel production has conspired toward continuous price rises on world grain ma ket;others regard it simply as a matter of demand outpacing supply.In seven of the last eight years,world grain production has fallen behind rates of consumption.     

谷物及其制品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇及其衍生物的检测及污染规律研究

使用色谱-质谱联用检测大米、玉米糁、挂面和小麦粉中15-乙酰基脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(15ADON)、3-乙酰基脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(3ADON)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇-3-葡萄糖苷(D3G)及脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON).样品经乙腈、正己烷净化后检测,经优化与验证,仪器方法可满足对谷物及其制品的检测要求.分析样本中的4种真菌...     

基于供应链协调机制重构的杂粮产业链升级落实机制研究

运用大宗商品粮三级供应链利益补偿协调机制研究产业链升级落实机制,具有重要的实践意义。从杂粮三级供应链利益补偿协调机制的指导思想、原则、重构的内涵展开研究,在此基础上,结合大庆调研结果,得出杂粮产业链升级落实机制,主要包括,通过杂粮供应链利益补偿协调机制的评价,遴选杂粮供应链中的合作组织和核心组织,以便政府导入支持政策;通过政府的产业政策支持大宗杂粮三级供应链利益补偿协调机制重构目标;通过核心企业重构大宗杂粮三级供应链利益补偿协调机制,衔接杂粮产业链;政府通过行业监管,推进契约规范表达和实施。     

Do Brands Serve as Reliable Signals of Nutritional Quality? The Case of Breakfast Cereals

Organic and national brand manufacturers position their offerings as nutritious meals for adults and children. Do these brands serve as reliable signals of nutritional quality? To find an answer, this study analyzed a very popular, ready-to-eat breakfast cereal food category based on all the available data from 2011 (324 offerings) from a large UK grocery comparison website, mysupermarket.co.uk. The study shows that it is possible to find store and basic brand offerings that are almost identical to national brand offerings, but much cheaper and with less sugar (the main concern in cereal). Hedonic price regression analysis further confirms that brand and size explain most of cereal’s price variability, regardless of nutritional quality. The findings also reveal that low-sugar cereals are hard to find regardless of price, and almost all cereals targeted at children have high levels of sugar. A replication study (337 offerings in 2012) revealed that, on average, cereal sugar levels and prices increased, while nutritional value decreased.     

不同经营规模农户杂粮生产技术效率研究——以四川省凉山彝族自治州为例

[目的]杂粮产业对我国中西部地区特色农业发展有重要意义。贫困地区杂粮生产粗放,技术落后的现状要求农户合理扩大经营规模,提高杂粮生产技术效率,进而带动当地杂粮产业发展,提高贫困地区农户收入。[方法]文章基于四川省凉山彝族自治州348户农户的微观数据,运用三阶段DEA模型准确评价了不同经营规模农户杂粮生产技术效率,并探究环境变量对技术效率的影响。[结果](1)农户总体的杂粮生产技术效率处于低效率水平。技术效率随经营规模增大而增大,杂粮生产存在规模效应。纯技术效率是小规模农户杂粮生产的优势所在。(2)剔除环境因素和随机因素后,农户杂粮生产的纯技术效率提高,规模效率降低,表明规模效率是制约杂粮生产技术效率的主要因素。(3)在影响技术效率的环境变量中,家庭平均受教育年限、先进播种技术和参与技术培训是有利因素,家庭人均纯收入、农业补贴和机械化生产是不利因素。[结论]提高农户杂粮生产技术效率需合理扩大经营规模,加强农村基础教育,健全技术服务体系,扩大杂粮补贴范围,提高农机服务水平,延长杂粮产业链条。     

The Influence of Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors on Consumers’ Healthy Cereal Food Choices

An increase in the dietary intake of wholegrain cereals can reduce the risk of developing certain non-communicable diseases and can play an important role in a healthy diet. However, consumption of wholegrain cereals across many countries is lower that the recommended guidelines. The main objective of this research was to gather purchase-related information from end users on different types of cereal foods. A mixed research methodology was used to identify key sociodemographic and lifestyle factors that may influence consumer acceptance of new cereal foods. Three distinct clusters were identified based on six identified lifestyle dimensions. This research suggested that the combined use of sociodemographic and lifestyle segmentation variables could help identify specific consumer segments that can be used in the market-oriented development of new cereal foods.     

Brand-Supermarket Demand for Breakfast Cereals and Retail Competition

The Berry, Levinsohn, and Pakes (1995) market equilibrium model is extended to the supermarket chain level to examine consumer choices and retail competition for thirty-seven brands of breakfast cereals in Boston. Estimated taste parameters for product characteristics vary significantly across consumers. Although consumers are price-sensitive with respect to their chosen cereals, they exhibit strong brand and supermarket loyalty. Retail markups increase and marginal costs decrease with grocery market shares, attesting to oligopoly power with efficiencies. Markups decrease with the own-price elasticity of demand, with Corn Flakes having the highest markups. A detailed picture of consumer response and supermarket competition is provided.     

Potential and limitation of an organic fertilizer‐based development strategy: evidence from Tamil Nadu,India, from 1993 to 2003

This article explores the potential and limitations for using farmyard manure (FYM) to improve paddy and upland cereals productivity under various soil conditions in Tamil Nadu, India. Using household‐level fixed effects, estimated yield functions from 1993 to 2003 confirm that FYM application directly increases crop productivity in upland cereals, but not in paddy rice. Complementary effects through an increase in the marginal product of inorganic fertilizer is observed for both paddy and upland cereals, especially where inherent soil fertility is low. Farmers’ FYM use is responsive to changes in the price of FYM, but transport costs limit price transmission across space. Dairy sector development thus improves crop productivity, but only in the small area around the animals which limits the spread of FYM‐based development strategy.