探索土地问题的解决途径

从历史上看,农民的增收问题从来都是同土地产权制度的安排以及如何使用紧密联系在一起的。新中国成立以来,农地制度经历了四次重大变革。从变革中可以看出,土地问题确实是解决"三农"问题的核心。土地问题的解决不可能是一劳永逸的,现实中的问题只能通过改革来解决。     

农村文化建设视野中的农村思想政治教育

农村文化建设是农村思想政治教育的坚实保障,加强农村思想政治教育是农村文化建设的必然需求,二者具有内在的必然关联性;我们要置身农村文化建设的视野在服务育人、队伍育人、制度育人、载体育人等方面创新和改进农村思想政治教育。     

基于主体功能定位的湖北省县域乡村性空间分异研究

[目的]确立与主体功能区定位相协调的乡村发展类型与乡村政策,是促进城乡融合、乡村振兴的重要措施。[方法]以湖北省县域为空间单元,构建乡村性评价指标体系,并基于三次产业的产值结构,划分县域的乡村发展类型。[结果](1)2016年湖北省县域乡村性指数相对较高,乡村性呈现出东低西高的空间分布格局。乡村发展类型可划分为农业主导型、工业主导型、商旅服务型和均衡发展型,分别占县域总数的25.29%、16.1%、10.71%和48.28%。(2)重点开发区的乡村类型以工业主导型和商旅服务型为主,乡村类型主要是城镇化和工业化带动,市场、资本推动力和农民的自主选择突出;农产品主产区和重点生态功能区的乡村类型均以农业主导型和均衡发展型为主,不同的是农产品主产区的农业自然和生产条件优越、农耕文化根植,农业政策扶植,乡村类型是由农业现代化和产业化推动;重点生态功能区乡村类型受资源环境约束、经济基础及行政干预的推动。[结论]三大主体功能区下的乡村类型及驱动机制存在差异,并提出不同乡村振兴发展的政策建议。     

21世纪我国乡村发展的八大趋势

文章结合我国市场经济体制的深化和加入世界贸易组织后更加开放的乡村发展环境 ,重新认识乡村与乡村资源 ,并提出了新世纪我国乡村资源开发和乡村发展的对策 :(1)世界一体化过程中乡村产业结构的战略调整 ;(2)以农业技术为突破 ,促进农业资源的高效、生态和无害化开发利用 ;(3)农业产业化与乡村产业经济一体化发展 ;(4)乡村景观资源开发与乡村休闲业发展 ;(5)乡村劳动力资源开发与人力资本建设 ;(6)加快乡村基础设施建设 ,推动小城镇风貌塑造与乡村城镇化发展 ;(7)乡村环境资源的开发与乡村人居环境的改善与建设 ;(8)城乡经济的一体化整合发展 ,促进城乡协调发展。     

Community gardening and health-related benefits for a rural Victorian town

Community gardens are growing in popularity as a strategy to effectively deal with population health at a local level. There is a need to gather information about the health-related benefits of community gardens for people living in a rural locale. This paper discusses the health-related benefits of rural community gardens. We adopted a qualitative approach to examine these issues. Ten participants, eight females and two males, aged between 50 and 82, who have participated in a community garden located in South Gippsland, Victoria, for a minimum of 12 months, took part in this study. Semi-structured interviews that lasted between 30 and 60 min were conducted to explore the perspectives and lived experiences of the participants. Thematic analysis was utilised to analyse the data. We situate our discussion in this paper within the therapeutic landscape theory. Findings indicate that there is a range of health-related benefits associated with participation in rural community gardens, including physical, nutritional, social and psychological. Despite these benefits, the participants wished to see some improvements that could attract more people in rural areas to participate in community gardens. Given the paucity of research available regarding rural community gardens, future research should continue to develop an understanding of these rural sites, especially given the ever-growing popularity of community gardens Australia-wide.     

重庆三峡库区县域乡村性评价

在明确乡村性内涵基础上,根据2001-2011年重庆统计年鉴数据,选取城镇化率、农业劳动生产率、农业从业人口比重、农业产值与非农业产值比、公路密度、万人卫生技术人员数等指标,采用加权和法建立乡村性综合指数模型,以此评价判断各县域的乡村性.结果表明:从2000-2010年,重庆三峡库区各县域的乡村性强度总体呈现逐渐减弱趋势;与此同时,县域乡村性水平在空间上呈“一圈”至“两翼”的梯度差异,即由西部“一圈”核心区—“一圈”外围区—库区中部县域—库区东部县域—库区东北县域渐次递增,而县域乡村性减弱强度沿“一圈”核心区向外扩延降低,即由重庆“一圈”核心区—核心区外围区—“一圈”外围区—库区中部县域—库区东部县域—库区东北县域逐渐减弱.最后,分析了重庆三峡库区县域乡村性时空演变的原因,并提出了县域发展方向建议.     

Rurality as a choice: Towards ruralising rural areas in sub-Saharan African countries

Rural development practices in sub-Saharan Africa are still based on modernisation approaches. This has led to distortion in rural identity in most sub-Saharan communities. This article embeds this issue in the development discourse. It calls for developing rural areas rurally – rather than urbanely. The paper argues that improvements in rural conditions should aim to make rural lives and the environment sustainable, while preserving rural identities. Drawing from literature, it presents a conceptual framework for understanding rurality and shows how planning can serve as a tool for achieving rurality focused development. It provides six suggestions that could lead to integrating rurality-as-a-choice in development policies and practices. The suggested measures include the heritagisation of rural areas, introduction of rurality-focused vision in planning, and organisation of campaigns for the protection of rural heritages, among others. It contributes to emerging literatures on identifying problem-generating issues in rural development in sub-Saharan Africa.     

重庆市县域乡村性空间分异及其影响因素

目的 分析重庆市县域乡村性演变及其影响因素,对深入理解重庆市城乡关系及其互动过程,落实乡村振兴战略具有重要意义。方法 文章以重庆市32个县（区）为研究对象,运用ESDA空间统计方法、多元线性回归和地理探测分析方法,探讨2000年以来重庆市县域乡村性的空间分异格局及其格局形成的影响因素。结果 （1）2000年以来,重庆市县域乡村性逐渐减弱,主城都市区乡村性较弱、渝东北和渝东南乡村性较强的整体格局稳定,巫溪县、城口县、彭水县、酉阳县等渝东北和渝东南的县（区）的乡村性较强。（2）重庆市县域乡村性的空间集聚和空间极化效应明显,在多种作用力的交互影响下,呈现出重庆市域的多圈层结构和区域性的双圈层结构。（3）自然力和区位力形成了重庆市县域乡村性分异的基础地理格局,市场力和行政力对这种格局进行调整、优化,在4种力及其交互作用下,形成了重庆市县域乡村性的空间分异格局。结论 结合重庆市实际情况探索了乡村性的空间分异格局及其影响因素,为乡村振兴潜力区域发展提供建议。     

Institutional density and public policies in two cases of geographical indications from Mexico and Spain

This study analyses the role of private and/or public institutions on achieving success in projects aiming to obtain certification labels for local food products. This analysis is performed through comparative framework provided by 2 specific study cases; 1 from Mexico, based on the production of a type of traditional spicy pork sausage, or chorizo, and another from Spain, on the production of Iberian ham. A mixed methodology has been used to perform an in‐depth analysis of socio‐political contexts by distinguishing the divergent institutional frameworks of both cases. The study will contribute to connecting the results of these initiatives to the institutional density in which both proposals are originated and are implemented. From there, the text explores the reasons for success, stagnation, and/or failure of these actions. These empirical data constitute an important contribution to the analysis of geographical indications and diverse sociological universes supporting the differentiation of agrifood quality certification.     

乡村振兴背景下河北省县域乡村发展类型及其乡村性评价研究

[目的]乡村振兴战略是新时代国家随着"三农"问题的发展变化而做出的有针对的战略考量,乡村振兴背景下,乡村内部社会经济体系和外部环境发生深刻变化,因此,科学客观地评价乡村振兴背景下乡村发展综合特征及其差异性,并划分乡村发展类型对于新时代乡村发展具有重要的意义。[方法]文章选取河北省为典型实证进行研究,通过构建乡村性评价指标体系对乡村性指数进行测度,运用ESDA等空间分析方法探究空间分异格局,并通过Pearson相关系数矩阵和数理统计方法对乡村发展类型进行划分。[结果]河北省县域乡村性指数差异明显,并呈现出"低值集聚,高值分散"的分布态势;河北省乡村性指数表现出明显的空间集聚特征,并在总体趋势和局部相关性分析中呈现"U"型曲线和"两核一带"的空间格局,邻域单元相互作用显著;根据乡村性指标体系的评价层特征,可以将河北省乡村发展划分为产业主导型、生态友好型、内化提升型、资本推动型和均衡发展型5种类型,不同类型乡村的发展策略和发展道路存在着差异。[结论]乡村振兴背景下乡村发展目标发生改变,通过对乡村性这一综合指标测算可以揭示区域乡村发展的空间格局和类型差异,从而为制定科学合理的乡村发展战略提供参考。