统一利润率与差别利润率——兼论两种均衡体系的比较

瓦尔拉斯把资本形成方程引入一般均衡体系后出现了内在的不一致性,从而在异质资本品的假设下,一般均衡体系只存在“差别利润率”。在斯拉法体系中,不同的资本品部门却拥有“统一利润率”。两种类型的利润率体现了两种均衡体系的对立。与“差别利润率”相联系的一般均衡体系只研究一般生产过程中的资源配置,体现技术关系;而与“统一利润率”相对应的斯拉法体系则涉及特定市场经济关系下的总量分配,体现社会关系。而后者才可以更好地解释市场经济中的现实问题。

Uniform Profit Rate and Differential Profit Rate: A Contrast between Two Equilibrium Systems

The introduction of the equations of capital formation leads to the inherent inconsistency of Walras's general equilibrium system. On the assumption of heterogeneous capital,general equilibrium system only has "differential profit rate".In Sraffa's system,however,different capital departments share "uniform profit rate".Two types of profit rates reveal the conflict between the two equilibrium systems.General equilibrium system which has "differential profit rate" deals with resource allocation in general production.It reflects technical relations.In contrast,Sraffa's system which has "uniform profit rate" relates to aggregate distribution in capitalistic economy. It indicates social relations.The latter one can better explain problems in market economy.