长江经济带对外贸易竞争力水平测度及比较研究*

对标贸易强国建设目标，本文结合省市参与国际贸易的实际特征，将已有国家层面对外贸易竞争力测算方法应用于省市对外贸易竞争力的测评工作中，对长江经济带各省市对外贸易竞争力水平开展测度及比较分析。本文研究发现，无论是分别考察进出口情况还是考察综合贸易竞争力，长江经济带下游三省市的对外贸易竞争力水平均要显著高于中游和上游地区，但其水平发展的波动性十分明显。进一步的结构分解结果显示，区域内上海、重庆的进出口贸易竞争力水平变化均取决于综合价格水平贡献，而其余省市进出口某一方面的竞争力水平变化则依赖于贸易份额的贡献。分产品类别对对外贸易竞争力水平的比较结果显示，长江经济带下游三省市的主要产品类别均在区域内实现了较高的进出口及综合对外贸易竞争力；中游四省市在发展对外贸易的过程中，约有一半类别的产品达到了区域内贸易水平的前列；而上游省市主要在个别产品类别上实现了较优的竞争力水平。

MEASUREMENT AND COMPARISON OF FOREIGN TRADE COMPETITIVENESS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER ECONOMIC BELT

This paper applies measurement method of national competitiveness in foreign trade to the measurement of foreign trade competitiveness at the provincial level based on the existing research and characteristics of provinces' participating in international trade. The results show that the export foreign trade competitiveness, import foreign trade competitiveness, and the total foreign trade competitiveness of downstream region in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are higher than middle and upper reaches, but the fluctuation of downstream region's competitiveness is also obvious. Further structural decomposition results show that the developments of Shanghai's foreign trade competitiveness and Chongqing's foreign trade competitiveness are determined by the contribution of comprehensive price level, while other provinces' competitiveness of export or import trade changes with trade shares. Based on the perspective of product categories, further research shows that all categories of products of downstream region in the Yangtze River Economic Belt keeps relatively high competitiveness in export and import or general trade, while half categories of products of middle reaches keeps relatively high level, and only a few types of products of upper reaches reach the high level.