中日“人民外交”的挫折：过程研究与结构分析

20世纪50年代中期，在苏联的影响下，中国政府给“人民外交”设定了推动实现中日国家间关系正常化的目标，为此尽力满足日本在贸易、遣返日侨、释放战犯等方面的利益期待。但当时的日本政府一方面取利，一方面侮辱中国的邦交正常化追求，中国政府愤而于1958年5月切断了交流。这是美曰同盟敌视中国和日本保守政治势力因逃脱战争责任追究而继承战前对中国的蔑视的结果。日本对华敌视、蔑视的关系结构，决定了战后中日关系的“周期性恶化”特征。

The Failure of Sino-Japanese"People's Diplomacy"

In the middle of 1950s, the Chinese government, under the sway of the Soviet government, set the goal of normalizing relationship with Japan through so-called ＂people＇s diplomacy＂. To attain this goal, the Chinese government facilitated trade with Japan and did whatever Japan wanted in terms of sending back Japanese expa- triates and releasing Japanese war criminals. However, the Japanese government reciprocated the Chinese efforts with nothing but humiliation, With indignation, the Chinese government severed ties with Japan in May 1958. This is the result of the hostility of the American-Japanese ally towards new China as well as the conservative politics in Japan whose continued hostility towards China is partly due to its fear of being held accountable for war crimes.