“差序格局”概念中三个有待澄清的疑问

“差序格局”是一个尚未精确界定的触发式概念，留下来很多疑问有待澄清。其中三个疑问特别值得关注：第一，“差序”除了包含入与人之间横向的亲疏差别，是否还包括人与人之间纵向的等级差别？第二，“差序格局”和社会网络理论中的“自我中心网络”概念有何异同？第三，中国人的行为是否可用“自我主义”来概括？本文在评述相关研究之后提出自己的看法，认为费孝通关于“差序格局”的原始文本里存在着“名实分离”的矛盾，从而导致了“是否包含等级制”的种种争论；“差序格局”和“自我中心网络”的一个核心区别是“圈层性”，将中国入行为概括为“自我主义”会面临很多理论上的困难。

Three Queries with regard to the Notion of "Differential Mode of Order"

The notion of ＂differential mode of order＂ is an ill-defined one. Among the many questions that have arisen around it, three deserve special attention. First, does differential order refer to the horizontal difference in terms of kinship only？ or does it also indicate vertical difference in terms of social class？ Second, what are the similarities and dissimilarities between ＂differential mode of order＂ and the notion of ＂self-centered network＂ in the social network theory？ Third, can the ways of conduct of Chinese people be summarized as ＂egoistic＂？ After an overview of the existent studies, this paper has the following comments. In Fei Xiaotong＇s original text on ＂differential mode of order＂, there is dissidence between the ＂name＂ and the ＂reality＂ which has given rise to all the controversies over whether class difference is included or not. The core difference between ＂differential mode of order＂ and ＂self-centered network＂ lies in the nature of ＂rings in hierarchy＂ which has been neglected by the numerous modern versions of ＂differential mode of order＂. To summarize Chinese way of conduct as ＂egoistic＂ is begging the question.