高新技术企业认定与企业劳动雇佣

本文以2008–2020年沪深A股上市公司为样本,检验高新技术企业认定对企业劳动雇佣的影响及经济后果。以上市公司是否获得高新技术企业认定作为自然实验,采用双重差分法检验发现,高新技术企业认定显著促进了企业劳动雇佣增加,在金融发展水平更高的地区,这种促进效应更显著。进一步检验发现,税收优惠、政府补贴和银行贷款是高新技术企业认定对企业劳动雇佣的主要影响机制。最后,企业劳动雇佣的增加还显著促进了企业创新,提高了企业全要素生产率。本文不仅有助于从企业劳动雇佣视角丰富高新技术企业认定的经济后果的相关文献,而且还可以从高新技术企业认定的视角拓展企业劳动雇佣的影响因素的相关研究。本文的研究结果表明,高新技术企业认定不仅可以提高社会福利,还可以提高经济绩效,实现了《高新技术企业认定管理办法》的预期目标。本文的研究为进一步实施高新技术企业认定政策和扩大就业规模提供了理论依据和政策参考。

Identification of High-tech Enterprises and Labor Employment

Innovation is the driving force for enterprises to obtain high profits and for economic growth.However,the investment of enterprise innovation is lower than the optimal level of society because of the positive externality of innovation.Thus,it is necessary for the government to support enterprise innovation.The Chinese government had began to identify high-tech enterprises in 1991,and revised twice in 1996 and 1999.The Administrative Measures of Identification of High-tech Enterprises were promulgated in 2008.The government had began to uniformly identify high-tech enterprises and implement preferential tax polic ies throughout the country.It was revised again in 2016 and further expanded the scope of identification of high-tech enterprises.After the examination and approval by the local tax authorities,the enterprise identified as a high-tech enterprise may enjoy a preferential tax rate of 15%of enterprise income tax for three consecutive years from the year of obtaining the identification.It may also enjoy tax incentives such as additional deduction of R&D expenses.At the same time,local governments will support enterprise innovation with subsidies and incentives,export credits and human capital so on.There are relatively few researches on the economic consequences of the identification of high-tech enterprises.It mainly focuses that high-tech enterprises can enjoy 15%preferential corporate income tax rate and other tax incentives after being identified,which is conducive to promoting enterprise innovation.There is still lack of study on the identification of high-tech enterprises on social welfare from the perspective of labor employment of enterprises.This paper studies the effect of the identification of high-tech enterprises on labor employment and its economic consequences.W elfare economics theory points out that system design should be able to maximize social welfare.Enterprise innovation can increase social welfare through positive externalities.Full employment is also an important welfare system to meet the needs of social members.Full employment is reflected by increasing labor employ ment in enterprises.Therefore,the study of this paper can provide a possible perspective to clarify the controversy of the economic consequences of the identification of high-tech enterprises.This paper tests the impact of the identification of high-tech enterprises on labor employment and its economic consequences,using Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2020 as samples.The natural experiment is whether the listed company is identified as a high-tech enterprise.Using difference-in-difference approach,this paper finds the identification of high-tech enterprises signific antly promotes the increase of labor employment,especially in.private enterprises and in the areas with higher financial development level.Further tests show that tax incentives,government subsidies and bank loans are the main influencing mechanisms.Finally,the increase of labor employment also significantly promotes enterprise innovation and improves total factor productivity.This paper not only enriches the relevant literature on the economic consequences of identification of high-tech.enterprises from the perspective of labor and employment,and but also expands the relevant research on the influencing factors of labor employ ment from the perspective of identification of high-tech enterprises.The results of this paper show that the identification of high-tech enterprises can not only improve social welfare,and but also improve economic performance.It means that the Administrative Measures of Identification of High-tech Enterprises achieve expected goals.This study provides empirical evidence to clarify the controversy about the economic consequences of the identification of high-tech enterprises.This paper provides theoretical basis and policy reference for further implementation of the identification of high-tech enterprises and expansion of employment scale.The policy enlightenment of this paper lies in continuing to increase the identifcation of high-tech enterprises and increasing financial support for innovation activities.