中国工业的结构调整、效率与劳动配置

本文利用 1 999— 2 0 0 1年最新的企业调查数据 ,分析了中国工业结构调整对其生产效率和就业吸纳的影响。研究表明 ,中国工业结构越来越符合中国的资源和要素禀赋 ,劳动力成本低廉的比较优势得到不断发挥。轻工业部门和劳动密集型产业的较快增长 ,不仅提高了中国工业的总体效率 ,而且为缓解目前日益严峻的失业问题发挥了重要作用。在振兴和改造传统的老工业基地过程中 ,应将大力发展轻工业部门和劳动密集型产业放在突出地位 ,通过深化国有企业产权制度改革和加快结构调整步伐 ,增强东部地区的工业经济活力和国际竞争力。

China's Industrial Restructuring, Efficiency and Its Labor Allocation

Using the 1999—2001 data from recent firm surveys, this paper analyzes the impacts of China's industrial restructuring on its efficiency and labor allocation. The results show that the adjustment of China's industrial structure has been in line with its endowments of resources and factors to production. The faster growth of light industries and labor-intensive industries not only improves the overall efficiency of China's manufacturing industry, but also contributes to alleviating unemployment issues. The policy implication is that the development of light industries and labor-intensive industries should be a prior policy and combine with further reforming the ownership of State-Owed Enterprises (SOEs) and speeding up the structural adjustment to improve industrial activities and its competitiveness in the traditional old industrial bases.