高校学生科技创新成果权属的职务发明制度之殇

学生群体是高校科研工作的重要力量,我国长期采用职务发明制度来规制科技创新成果权属,却忽视了学生与高校间不具备雇佣关系的逻辑前提,加之高校凭借强势地位进行扩权管理及师生群体默认"代际补偿"等原因,共同导致以补偿制度掩盖权利对价不公的非逻辑理性制度长期存在。因此,重构高校学生科技创新成果权属模式应摆脱职务发明制度思维的桎梏,重新回归发明权属一般规则。同时,基于学生对教师依附性及高校对科研过程物质支持的考虑,构建两层次法律规范——科技创新成果权属依据学生创造性贡献进行初次分配,再由高校与学生约定权属划分,法律仅规定"缺省规则"兜底。该模式既符合权属分配正义,又可以促进成果转化,是较为理想的路径选择。

On Dilemma of Application of Doctrine of Sevice Invention to Distribution of Rights of Students'Scientific and Technological Innovations

Students have played an important role in scientific and technological research in universities.China's universities distribute rights of scientific and technological innovations according to the articles of servive invention,whereas they neg-lect the very logical start point that there is no labor relationship between students and them.Besides,universities enlarge their rights of scientific and technological innovations by super bargain power and all faculty accept"the next generation remedy",which lead to an illogical system that so called reseanable compensation covered uneven exchange of rights rules for a long time.Therfore,it is necessary that get rid of dilemma of doctrine of service invention and reshape the distribu-tion system of rights of scientific and technological innovations.In the meanwhile,the reliance of students to professors and physical facilities supported by universities should also be taken into consideration.As a result,a two-levels norms can be recommended to legislators,in which students obtain their rights according to their intellectual contribution at first, then the two parties negotiate on transfer or license rights with a"Defalt Rule"supplying when there is no consensus be reached.