什么样的宏观生态环境影响科技人才集聚——基于中国内地31个省份的模糊集定性比较分析

科技人才是地区经济社会发展和科技创新的核心要素，优化科技人才宏观生态环境进而打造科技人才集聚高地是国家或地区发展的必然选择。为探究宏观生态环境对科技人才集聚的影响机制，基于人才生态系统理论，采用模糊集定性比较分析方法，以中国内地31个省份为样本，分析多重因素构成的宏观生态环境影响科技人才集聚的条件组态和路径。结果表明：文化教育是影响科技人才集聚的必要条件；存在4条提升科技人才集聚的有效路径，即科技创新主导型、科技创新主导下的宜居文教驱动型、文化教育和公共服务主导下的经济科创驱动型、公共服务主导下的文教驱动型；存在6条阻碍科技人才集聚的路径，且与提升科技人才集聚路径之间属于非对称关系。

How does Macro Ecological Environment Affect the Agglomeration of Scientific and Technological Talents:A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Fuzzy Sets Based on 31 Provinces in China

As the core strategy to seek national competitive advantage，innovation is greatly stressed all over the world. The essence of innovation-driven is talent-driven, so having first-class scientific and technological talents means having the advantages and leading power of scientific and technological innovation. Scientific and technological talents are the core elements of regional economic and social development as well as scientific and technological innovation. It is an urgent need for China's high-quality development to vigorously cultivate and introduce scientific and technological talents, reasonably promote the flow of scientific and technological talents between regions and industries, and form a highland for gathering scientific and technological talents. The agglomeration of scientific and technological talents is affected by the macro ecological environment, such as regional economic development level, cultural education, scientific and technological innovation mechanism and so on. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the macro-ecological environment factors that affect the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents and explores the multiple paths that affect the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. The existing research mainly focuses on the analysis of the net effect of a single factor on the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents by the traditional analysis method. The agglomeration of scientific and technological talents is a complex social phenomenon which is affected by the linkage of multiple factors. The existing research fails to systematically explain the multi-factor synergy effect of the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. Therefore, based on the theory of talent ecological environment, this paper constructs a macro ecological environment theory model that affects the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents, and uses the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to explore the complex causal mechanism of multiple factors affecting regional scientific and technological talent agglomeration.In this paper, 31 provincial administrative regions in mainland China are selected as the research cases, and the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method is used to explore the complex influence mechanism of macro ecological environment factors on regional scientific and technological talent agglomeration. Each research sample can reflect the current situation of regional scientific and technological talent agglomeration. The conditions and outcome variables between the research samples have great heterogeneity, and meet the requirements of homogeneity and diversification of case selection.The findings are as follows. Firstly, cultural education is a key factor for the high agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. The necessity test results show that cultural education is a necessary condition for the high agglomeration of scientific and technological talents, and as the core and edge conditions, it exists in the three paths of high agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. Secondly, there are four driving paths for the high agglomeration of regional scientific and technological talents, including scientific and technological innovation-oriented, livable culture and education-oriented, economic science and technology innovation-oriented and culture and education-oriented. The non-high agglomeration of regional scientific and technological talents includes six paths and has an asymmetric relationship with the driving path of high agglomeration of scientific and technological talents.Based on the theory of talent ecosystem, this paper integrates the five factors of economic development, scientific and technological innovation, cultural education, livable environment and public service in the macro-ecological environment of talent, which lays a theoretical foundation for the empirical analysis of the synergistic influence mechanism of multiple factors of regional scientific and technological talent agglomeration. This theoretical model helps to understand the macro-ecological environment that affects the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. From the perspective of configuration, this paper empirically discusses the overall synergistic effect of five factors, namely, economic development, scientific and technological innovation, cultural education, livable environment and public service, on the agglomeration of regional scientific and technological talents. To a certain extent, it explains the causal complexity of regional scientific and technological talents agglomeration, and makes up for the deficiency of the existing research that focuses on the analysis of the causal relationship between a single macro ecological environment factor and the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. In this paper, the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method is used to study the phenomenon of scientific and technological talent agglomeration, which enhances the understanding and understanding of the complex causal mechanism of multiple factors affecting scientific and technological talent agglomeration.