我国高校技术转移机构建设模式与策略选择

技术转移是创新成果转化的重要途径，专业化技术转移机构建设成为解决科技成果转化“最后一公里”问题的重要突破口。首先，从运行机理上将高校技术转移机构建设模式划分为内部型技术转移办公室（TTO）、外部型技术转移公司（TTC）和混合型（TTH）。其次，基于高校学科类型、高校科研规模和转移机构级别3个维度探究高校技术转移机构建设模式最优选择策略。最后，以湖北高校技术转移机构为例进行实证分析。研究发现：科研实力弱、科技成果少、技术转移需求低的文科类和教学型高校适合采用TTC模式；科研实力强、科技成果多、技术转移需求高的理工类和研究型高校适合采用TTO模式；层次高、机构发展成熟的综合类高校适合采用TTH模式。研究结论有利于厘清高校技术转移机构建设模式的适用条件，为今后我国高校技术转移机构建设和运营提供参考。

Research on the Selection Strategy of the Construction Modes of University Technology Transfer Institutions in China

Technology transfer plays a critical role on transforming innovation achievements. The establishment of specialized technology transfer institutions is an important breakthrough to solve the "last mile" problem of transformation of scientific and technological achievements. In order to systematically explore the construction modes of university technology transfer institutions (UTTIs), this study subdivides the construction modes of UTTIs from the operation mechanism. The optimal selection strategy for the construction modes of UTTIs is explored based on the three dimensions of university subject type, university research scale and transfer institution level. Then, empirical analysis and verification are conducted with the example of the university technology transfer organization in Hubei Province of China.#br#Section 1 presents the literature review which summarizes the connotation, function, mode and countermeasures of UTTIs. The existing studies seldom explore the role and significance of institutions from the perspective of the in-depth operation mechanism, and the research on the modes is relatively general. It is rarely mentioned how different types of colleges and universities choose the appropriate mode. #br#Section 2 discusses the operation mechanism and construction mode of UTTIs. First, the operation mechanism of UTTIs is overviewed from the dimensions of technology maturity and technology introduction evaluation capabilities. Then, combining with the analysis of operation mechanism and referring to the operation mode of world-class UTTIs, the construction modes of UTTIs are divided into internal technology transfer office (TTO), external technology transfer company (TTC) and technology transfer hybrid of office and company (TTH). The TTO mode includes single technology transfer office model and multiple technology transfer office mode, while the TTC mode includes single technology transfer company mode, multiple technology transfer company mode , and regional hybrid model.#br#Section 3 discusses the optimal selection strategy. Based on the three levels of university subject type, university research scale, and transfer institution to explore the construction mode of UTTIs. Results show that: (1) the TTC mode is most suitable for liberal arts universities or normal universities with weak scientific research strength, few scientific and technological achievements and low demand for technology transfer; (2) the TTO mode is most suitable for science and engineering universities or research universities with strong scientific research strength, rich scientific and technological achievements, and high demand for technology transfer; (3) the TTH mode is most suitable for comprehensive universities with high-level and mature transfer institutions.#br#Section 4 carries out empirical analysis based on the example of UTTIs in Hubei Province. It is found that the development of UTTIs is slow, the mode is single and the role is limited. The establishment of UTTIs started relatively late, mostly adopting the TTO mode with problems such as unclear function positioning, lack of talent pool, and low service level, thus it is difficult to effectively undertake the mission of transforming scientific research achievements in universities.#br# In response to the current problems in universities, a sound and comprehensive system involving policy, operation and talent management should be established to realize the transformation from a functional department to a professional service organization, from supply orientation to demand orientation and market orientation, and from "contacts" to "guiders". Thus we need to (1) strengthen the top-level design at the national level and establish a sound legal and policy system, (2) innovate organizational management and give full play to the advantages of professional institutions, (3) form a demonstration and driving effect, and carry out in-depth development of the standardization pilot construction of UTTIs, (4) strengthen market operations, and steadily promote the improvement of the operation efficiency of the whole chain, (5) build a professional and compound talent team, (6) and implement a regular release system and a normalized docking mechanism.The research is conducive to clarifying the applicable conditions of the construction mode of UTTIs with providing reference for the construction and operation of UTTIs in China in the future.#br#