旅游地空间关系的生态学解释--以山西省旅游业发展为例

将生态学的种群间关系理论引入到旅游研究中，总结出旅游地空间关系的基本类型，即竞争、互利共生、偏利共生和寄生。在深入分析各种类型基本特征的基础上，得出了若干有实践意义的基本结论：一是旅游地之间的竞争是福祸相倚的，应当采取各种规划和管理手段限制过度的和恶性的竞争，而鼓励适度的和良性的竞争；二是旅游地空间关系的各种基本类型是可以相互转化的，这种特性为区域旅游开发提供了新的思路；三是在进行旅游资源评价和制定旅游发展战略时，应该综合考虑本地与其它旅游地的相互关系，从而做到准确定位，并进一步趋利避害或化害为利。最后，运用这一理论对山西省旅游业发展中存在的问题进行了剖析，并提出了具体的对策措施。

THE ECOLOGICAL EXPLANATION OF THE SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP AMONG THE TOURIST DESTINATIONS--A CASE STUDY OF SHANXI PROVINCE

Relationship among the tourist destinations is an important issue of the regional tourism development. In academe, the majority of the studies on this issue are concerned about tourism competition. However, relationship among the tourist destinations, in fact, is very complicated and includes not only tourism competition but also lots of types. In this paper, the author finds relationship among the tourist destinations is similar to ecological relationship among the species. Consequently, beginning with the subsistence and development of tourist destination, this paper introduces the ecological interspecific theory into the tourism theory to analyze the subsistence and development relationship among the tourist destinations and abstracts some types, which include Competition, Mutualism, Epiphytism and Parasitism. Based on analysis of the features of the relationship, this paper draws some practical conclusions that can be applied to planning and management of regional tourism.Finally, as a case of the theory above, the development of tourism in Shanxi province is analyzed and some practical countermeasures are put forward.Tough tourist resources are very abundant in Shanxi province, its tourism is relative lagging. The reason can be analyzed with the Spatial Relationship among Tourist Destinations Theory. First, Shanxi province is in the shadow of his powerful neighbors, e.g. Beijing, Xi'an, and so on. Second, inside Shanxi province, relationship among tourist destination is not proper, vicious or excessive competition and parasitism is very prevalent while cooperation is feeble. From the point of view of the Spatial Relationship among Tourist Destinations Theory, some practical countermeasures should be bring into effect. In the first place, it is necessary to re-position the tourist image of Shanxi province. In the next place, vicious or excessive competition should be transformed into benign or moderate competition. Thirdly, the quality of some certain tourist attractions should be upgrade to take full advantage of the Mutualism effect. In the last place, administration must put an end to the Parasitism with a firm hand.