中国快递企业的空间组织研究——以顺丰速运为例

以顺丰速运为案例，分析其网点布局规律，并从组织模式和快递流量等方面探讨其空间组织网络，以此来探讨中国快递企业的空间组织。研究发现，快递企业空间组织网络总体呈现出为社会经济和人口服务的特征趋势，并与区域地形地貌、当地的区位条件和产业特征相关。快递企业的网点布局遵循行政级别越高的城市网点覆盖率越高，同一级别城市的网点覆盖率从南向北、从东向西递减的规律。随着市场的扩张，快递企业逐渐采用多层级分区域的空间组织模式，并根据区域社会经济发展状况、产业特征、交通情况等，形成基于不同服务时限等级的快递服务网络，整个营运网络逐渐由单枢纽轴辐式网络向多枢纽轴辐式网络变迁。同时，快递流量和流向与城市的吸引力、城市间关联关系体现出较好的一致性，顺丰速递华中区快递流量分析充分说明了上海、北京、广州和深圳在全国层面的较强吸引力和绝对中心的地位。

Spatial Organization of Express Delivery Enterprise in China - A Case Study of Shunfeng Express

Based on the analysis of the nodes distribution,organization modes and delivery flows of Shunfeng express enterprises,this paper tried to research the spatial organization network of express enterprises in China.Study shows that the spatial organization network of express enterprises presents the general characteristics of serverving for social economy and population,and is related with the regional topography and geomorphology,location condition and industrial characteristics. The nodes distribution of express enterprises follows regularity that the higher of administrative rank of city is,the higher coverage rate of nodes distribution is and that the coverage of nodes distribution of the same grade city presents the decline trends from south to north,from east to west.With the expansion of market,express enterprises gradually adopt the spatial organization modes of the multiple layers with regional separation and form the express service network based on the different service time limits,according to the social economic development,industry characteristics and traffic conditions, and the whole operation networks develope from single hub hub-and-spoke network to multiple hubs hub-and-spoke network.Meanwhile,express flow quantity and direction are consistent to the attractiveness of city and the correlation among citites.Analysisis of express flow of central China region of Shunfeng sufficiently displays the strong attractiveness and absolutely central roles of Shanghai,Beijing,Guangzhou and Shenzhen in China.