黄土丘陵沟壑区城乡协调发展研究

目的 受区域条件和城乡二元体制的制约,黄土丘陵沟壑区城乡发展滞后。新时期,亟待厘清区域城乡关系现状,为乡村振兴和区域协调发展战略的实施提供依据。方法 文章以黄土丘陵沟壑区57个区县为研究对象,分别构建县域城镇化和乡村发展水平评价指标体系,利用耦合协调模型探讨2000—2015年区域城乡发展的协调状况,结合相关分析探析“城”和“乡”对城乡协调发展的影响。结果 （1）区域城乡发展失衡,“城进村衰”问题加重。乡村人口系统、经济系统、社会系统和资源系统虽略有发展,但环境系统有一定程度衰退,而城镇化水平在各方面均取得较大发展。（2）区域城乡互动关系已趋稳定,城乡耦合模式以“中—中—高”、“中—低—高”为主。城乡发展协调水平总体较低,以勉强协调、初级协调为主。2000—2015年,区域城乡发展协调度空间差异明显缩小。（3）城镇化对区域城乡协调发展起主导作用,而乡村的作用较弱。结论 乡村发展滞后是制约区域城乡协调发展的主要原因,发挥乡村资源优势、加强乡村环境治理、激发乡村内生动力将有助于提高乡村发展水平、促进城乡协调发展。该研究有助于理解区域城乡关系现状,为区域协调发展和乡村振兴相关决策提供参考。

A STUDY ON URBAN-RURAL COODINATED DEVELOPMENT IN LOESS HILLY-GULLY REGION

Restricted by regional conditions and urban-rural dual system, the development of urban and rural areas in loess hilly-gully region lags behind, and the relationship between urban and rural is seriously out of balance. In the new era, it is urgent to innovate the interaction mechanism between urban and rural to promote coordinated and high-quality development between urban and rural. In this study, 57 counties in loess hilly-gully region were taken as research objects and the evaluation systems were constructed respectively to evaluate the developmental level of urbanization and rural regional system from 2000 to 2015. Then the influence of urban and rural areas on the coordinated development of urban and rural areas were explored by correlation analysis. The results showed that: (1) Development between urban and rural areas was out of balance, and the situation in which the urban developed but the country declines was getting worse. Although the rural population system, economic system, social system and resource system had developed a little, the environmental system in rural areas had declined significantly to some extent, while the level of urbanization had made great progress in all aspects. (2) The interaction between urban and rural in the region had become stable, but with a relatively low efficiency. The coupling models between urban and rural areas were mainly "medium-medium-high" and "medium-low-high". Further coordination analysis showed that the overall level of coordination between urban and rural development was relatively low, with reluctant coordination and primary coordination as the main forms, showing a trend of slow evolution from reluctant coordination to primary coordination. From 2000 to 2015, the spatial differences in the degree of coordination between urban and rural development among regions were significantly reduced. (3) Urbanization played a prominent role in the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, while rural areas played a weak role. In summary, the lag of rural development is the main reason that restricts the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. Giving full play to the advantages of rural resources, strengthening environmental governance of rural areas and stimulating the endogenous power of rural development will help improve rural development and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. This study provides reference for understanding the current situation of regional urban-rural relations and formulating relevant measures for regional coordinated development and rural revitalization strategies.