近10年崇州市土地利用变化基本特征与空间格局

目的]土地利用变化研究是揭示土地利用对人类活动响应程度的重要途径,通过对其变化特征及空间格局的研究讨论人地关系在不同地域空间上的强度与作用模式。方法]基于2002年、2014年TM/ETM+影像,在RS和GIS技术的支持下,采用人机交互图像处理方法提取了崇州市土地利用信息,应用土地利用动态度、土地利用程度、空间转移图谱、城市扩展指数、缓冲分析模型和方法对崇州市近10年来土地利用变化时空特征进行了研究。结果](1)土地利用类型以林地、耕地、建设用地为主,建设用地动态度最大达到5.72;整体土地利用程度由254.25增长到260.93,各乡镇变动值差异较大。(2)土地空间转换面积达1.850 85万hm~2,占研究区总面积的16.94%;增长面积最大的图谱单元依次是新增建设用地、新增耕地和新增林地;建设用地、耕地、水体与高程、坡度之间负相关性显著,坡度0°~6°是人类活动最频繁的区域。(3)中心城区建设用地面积大幅增长,缓冲范围内建设用地面积增加了2 120.76hm~2,城市中心自河流向东、东南、东北3个方向扩展。结论]崇州市土地利用整体处于快速发展时期,地域差异明显,受人类活动影响显著。

STUDY ON THE BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LAND USE CHANGE AND SPATISL PATTERNS IN CHONGZHOU CITY THE PAST TEN YEARS

Land use change is an important way to reveal the degree of land use response to human activities. Throughout the characteristics of the land change and spatial pattern, we can recognize intensity and effect pattern of man-land relationship in various regions. Based on the GIS technology, the authors utilized man computer interactive image processing methods to acquire the land use data in TM/ETM+ image of 2002 and 2014, analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of land use changes in Chongzhou city during 10 years from the rate of land use change, the direction of land use transformation, the degree of land use, the index of urban growth, the model of buffer analysis. The results demonstrated that (1) Land use type was mainly composed of forest land, cultivated land and construction land. Compared with the other land use types, construction land had the highest dynamic degree of 5.72. The overall land use degree of Chongzhou city increased 6.68 from 254.25 to 260.93, but there was a great difference in the variable value of land use between different towns. (2) Land space transformation area reached 18508.50 hm2, which accounted for 16.94% of the study area; Map unit with the largest growth area was newly increased construction land, followed by newly increased farmland and newly increased forest land. Terrain factors had great influence on the distribution of land use. Construction land, arable land and water body had a significantly negative correlation with elevation and slope respectively, wherein human activities the most common in those regions with the slope between 0° to 6°. (3) The construction land of central urban area mainly expanded towards east, southeast and northeast from the river, and the buffering range increased by 2120.76 hm2. It demonstrated that the land use in Chongzhou was in the period of rapid development, while there were obvious regional differences due to the influence of human activities.